2015 E.C. Civics EUEE past paper

Q1 · Ethiopian history - Battle of Adwa

1. A. It was the symbol of black consciousness and pride
2. B. It was the reason for Ethiopia's underdevelopment
3. C. It made Ethiopia the symbol of freedom in the colonial era
4. D. It made Ethiopian Independence possible

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Q2 · Responsibilities

1. A. governmental responsibilities
2. B. group responsibilities
3. C. family responsibilities
4. D. private responsibilities

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Q3 · Work and labour

1. A. a white-collar worker who handled certain office in the organization
2. B. we cannot determine the nature of Weizero Tiringo's role
3. C. a professional expert who is graduated in industrial engineering
4. D. a blue-collar worker who exerts a lot of energy in the job

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Q4 · Self-respect

1. A. knows the weakness of others
2. B. builds one's own false image over others
3. C. benefits oneself at the expense of others
4. D. be respected by others

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Q5 · Economic systems

1. A. While what to produce and how to distribute is determined by the government in the command economy, it is the market that determines such issues in a free-market economy
2. B. Both Free-market and command economies prohibit the role of central governments in determining the nature of production and means of distribution
3. C. While what to produce and how to distribute is determined by the government in free a market economy, it is the market that determines such issues in a command economy
4. D. The market has no significant role in determining what to produce and how to distribute in both the command and free market economies

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Q6 · Health/ethics

1. A. unknown sexual behavior
2. B. feminism that affects men
3. C. forced sexual abuse
4. D. deliberate transmission of diseases

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Q8 · Patriotism

1. A. Relying on personal whims
2. B. Engaging oneself in a civil war
3. C. Fighting against unethical practices
4. D. Denying others rights

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Q9 · Judiciary independence

1. A. So as to promote the ideological missions of the ruling party and government
2. B. To promote the political intentions of opposition parties and the general public
3. C. Because they are dealing with private affairs and should be confidential
4. D. So as to interpret the laws impartially and the prevalence of justice be served

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Q11 · Ethical conduct

1. A. violating the norms of modernity
2. B. acting ethically and responsibly
3. C. conservative of their culture
4. D. acting contrary to modernity

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Q12 · Democratic loyalty

1. A. participating in elections regardless of knowing which party will win and participating in the affairs of the state
2. B. abstinence from participation in election or other political affairs if their outcome cannot promote one's private interests
3. C. being proponents of opposition parties even if the ruling party is doing well since democracy is about challenging
4. D. participating in elections either as a candidate or voter if and only if your party will win at the end of the process

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Q13 · Conflict resolution

1. A. Passing decisions based on their authority that no one should appeal their final decision.
2. B. Leaving the issue to the conflicting parties to solve by themselves since it is their private affair.
3. C. Facilitating the possibility of smooth discussions between the conflicting parties and listening to their claims.
4. D. Giving priority to the interest of the one who has a small farm land which is unproductive and has no fertile soil.

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Q14 · Gender and economy

1. A. exploits them by making them work beyond their working hours.
2. B. subjugate them
3. C. affects their maternity leaves and calls them back to work.
4. D. enhances social wellbeing and economic growth.

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Q15 · Global economy

1. A. grabbing the opportunity from the failures of other nations.
2. B. the nature of economic systems of other nations.
3. C. a single nation's economic development priorities.
4. D. understanding the natural and human resources of one nation.

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Q16 · Dependability

1. A. Being independent but lack of confidence.
2. B. Relying on one's parent for survival in times of difficulty.
3. C. Being dependent on his/her private life and his/her job.
4. D. Being trustworthy to accomplish responsibilities in public life.

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Q17 · International organizations - IMF

1. A. While they help member nations when they face balance of payments difficulties, there may be a possibility of negative impacts on the policies of poor nations.
2. B. International monetary organizations are humanitarian organizations which help the needy and have no weaknesses in their practice.
3. C. While they promote international monetary cooperation, they are weak in assisting development.
4. D. Even though it seems advantageous to get aid from international monetary organizations, it is useless for local developments of nations.

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Q18 · International organizations - WTO

1. A. It allows domestic industries to create their own mechanisms to win the competition of local industries of other nations.
2. B. Sometimes its policy advisors suggest underdeveloped nations to promote closed door policies to protect their domestic industries.
3. C. It protects domestic industries from the impact of foreign competitors by allowing some nations to create trade barriers.
4. D. Its basic principle to promote free trade among nations without barriers may create unequal competitions between international and domestic industries.

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Q20 · Leadership

1. A. entertains the personal interests of co-workers in need.
2. B. marginalizes few members with lower knowledge and skills.
3. C. positively influences others, be attractive and appealing.
4. D. leaves the lazy behind and works with the hard workers.

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Q21 · Reading

1. A. Helps us to criticize religious and cultural values and act as modern citizens.
2. B. It takes our time of study and prevents from assisting our parents in their economic activities.
3. C. Enables us to influence our audiences to deny their position and adopt ours.
4. D. It broadens our horizon of understanding of natural and social realities.

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Q22 · Foreign relations - transboundary rivers

1. A. The fate of rivers which cross geographical borders of other nations are determined by non-governmental organization.
2. B. The case of controversies on rivers that cross the international borders of countries are determined by the International Court of Justice.
3. C. Rivers that cross international borders may need a special type of relation between the concerned countries to arrive at a healthy consensus.
4. D. Ethiopia has a sole authority over the river which starts from its natural boundaries regardless of their destination.

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Q23 · Conflict management

1. A. Arbitration applies legal principles within the limits agreed upon by parties.
2. B. Litigation is a resolution that is conducted outside of the courts.
3. C. Negotiation involves indirect discussion between the disputing parties.
4. D. Mediation is a binding dispute resolution involving a neutral third party.

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Q24 · Rights of accused

1. A. presumption of innocence.
2. B. speedy and public trials.
3. C. habeas corpus.
4. D. impartial tribunal.

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Q25 · Ethiopian history - Derg

1. A. It was highly influenced by the successes of first Woyane Movement in Tigray and other peasant rebellions in the nation.
2. B. The Derg government resigned from power voluntarily after it was convinced that people of the nation were not supporting it.
3. C. It was accompanied by the establishment of many political parties and the struggles of the people all over the nation.
4. D. It was solely owned by the fighters of TPLF in Tigray and EPLF in Eritrea and Victory is attributed to them.

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Q26 · Cultural relativism

1. A. It allows minority people to advance their culture to replace the dominant ones.
2. B. It creates conflicts of interest among the different cultures of the nation.
3. C. It gives an opportunity to people to enjoy their culture without restriction.
4. D. It allows dominant cultures to people enjoy to preserve their identity by oppressing others.

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Q27 · Justice and equity

1. A. We can rationalize and justify the excessive benefit of some part of society through justice and equity.
2. B. Justice is fairness that are intended to correct some wrong or advance goodness.
3. C. Justice involves the relationship between government and the people and within the people.
4. D. Equity refers to the basic principles that use to correct unbalanced relationships and distribution of resources.

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Q29 · Sensitivity to injustice

1. A. You were insensitive about the phenomena at all.
2. B. The young man was criminal and it was a right response to his crime.
3. C. The police woman is sensitive of injustice and doing her job.
4. D. Your sensitivity to injustice gradually waned away because of fear.

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Q30 · Terminology

1. A. conscientious objector
2. B. whistle blower
3. C. Treason
4. D. Arbitrary Rule

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Q31 · Ethiopian history - patriots

1. A. Taitu Bitul
2. B. Shewareged Gedle
3. C. Asgedeech Assefa
4. D. Bati Dil Wonbera

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Q32 · Public participation dispositions

1. A. Pride, cowardice, praise
2. B. Commitment, team spirit and dedication
3. C. Self-interest, profit and rewards
4. D. Punishment rewards and praise

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Q33 · Wisdom

1. A. It detaches one from the activities of life
2. B. It Enhance reasoning and morality.
3. C. It Enhance emotions and passion
4. D. It Advance emotions

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Q34 · Reading habits

1. A. By reading different texts repeatedly
2. B. By visiting the natural environment
3. C. By watching movies
4. D. By talking with readers

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Q35 · Judiciary - presidential system

1. A. Legislating the law
2. B. Amending the constitution
3. C. Counter balancing the law
4. D. Interpreting the constitutionality of laws

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Q36 · Rights and obligations

1. A. Rights and obligations have no relevance to a democratic system.
2. B. Rights and obligations coexist in the overall personality of citizens.
3. C. For each obligation to fulfill, citizens ask for rewards from the government.
4. D. Rights and obligations are contradictory and one can exist without the other.

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Q37 · Ethiopian constitutions

1. A. Since all the constitutions were enacted by despotic rulers, they were identical with each other.
2. B. While the constitution of Derg states that power is resided in the working people, the previous constitutions legalized the emperor's power.
3. C. While the 1987 constitution emphasizes the social democratic values, the previous constitutions emphasized liberal democratic values.
4. D. While the previous constitutions were ratified by the people's representatives, the 1987 constitution was written by few officials.

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Q38 · Terminology - summary execution

1. A. a death sentence against a person is carried out without fair and normal judicial system
2. B. a death sentence decided on a person found guilty of a serious crime is committed to life in prison
3. C. a death sentence against a person is carried out based on due process of law.
4. D. a person found guilty is assumed a punishment of life imprisonment by legal court.

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Q39 · Language equality

1. A. Allowing equal opportunity is instrumental in developing and using one's own language.
2. B. The language which is spoken by the majority shall be used by all citizens.
3. C. One's language must be the language of communication in a multi-ethnic state.
4. D. The respect of language equality is an assurance to the overall respect of human rights.

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Q40 · Equality

1. A. lack of equality to social respect.
2. B. lack of equality to rule and be ruled.
3. C. lack of equality of access to natural resources.
4. D. lack of cultural equality in the society.

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Q41 · National consensus

1. A. the majority suppress the rights of minority in the nation.
2. B. the minority have little say on national affairs.
3. C. few decide on behalf of the majority on political affairs.
4. D. the possibility of agreement on basic state affairs.

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Q42 · Development indicators

1. A. Reducing the poverty of the people, assuring food security, high infant mortality rate and less life expectancy.
2. B. Lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality rate, reducing income of the people and higher national GDP.
3. C. Positive change in the material and spiritual life, less infant mortality rate, eradication of poverty and improved income of the people, and increased GDP.
4. D. Economic growth, lack of food security, advancement in social conflict, increased national GDP, and improved income of the people.

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Q44 · Responsibility consequences

1. A. Punishment and rewards are not linked with the responses for out of execution of responsibilities rather they are legal measures.
2. B. If we take our responsibilities well, then we can be rewarded in the society and trusted by the public to be given greater responsibilities in the future.
3. C. If one executes his/her responsibility, negligently, then the punishment or reward may not be the consequences of such responsibility.
4. D. Failing to be responsible doesn't necessarily lead to punishment and fulfilling one's responsibility often results in punishment.

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Q45 · Responsibility - public property

1. A. Accumulating personal wealth by using public property.
2. B. Ignoring the environment and denying of public property.
3. C. Overcoming wastage of public property and protecting the environment.
4. D. Compromising public interest for the actualization of personal goals.

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Q46 · Professional skills

1. A. By leaving much of the work for others.
2. B. By working in harmony with others.
3. C. By trusting only our capacities.
4. D. By acting according one's moods in the work place.

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Q47 · Decision making process

1. A. Identifying the problem, thinking possible solutions, leaving the opinions of others aside, identifying the outcomes, practicing the decision and evaluating the success or failure.
2. B. Identifying the problem, thinking possible solutions, identifying the alternatives, identifying the outcomes, writing the decision, and evaluating the success or failure.
3. C. Identifying the problem, thinking possible solutions, choosing best alternatives, identifying the outcomes, practicing the decision and evaluating the success or failure.
4. D. Identifying the problem, abiding to the ideas of others, choosing best alternatives, identifying the outcomes, practicing the decision and evaluating the success or failure.

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Q48 · Saving culture

1. A. Identifying and budgeting priority needs and minimizing extravagant practices at home.
2. B. Mekasha is stingy and his manner of life cannot be a role model in the society.
3. C. Keeping something for the future by compromising the needs of the present.
4. D. Avoiding any possibility of entertainment and related expenses for the purpose of saving.

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Q49 · Saving

1. A. being committed to the norms of luxurious life in the big cities
2. B. being negligent to the real factual capacities and limits of one's income
3. C. knowing the life styles of one's neighbors and peer influence
4. D. knowing the balance between one's income and basic needs

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Q50 · Civil society

1. A. The ethnic identity of their members
2. B. The worth of their civil society in the country
3. C. The strength of their political ideology
4. D. The profitability of their civil society

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Q51 · Community participation

1. A. Registered business organizations that contribute to the success of their companies.
2. B. The participation of members of any society which highly deteriorates the common good.
3. C. Engagement of individuals as members of different associations in political, economic and social activities.
4. D. The successful engagement of civil societies to assume political power through election.

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Q52 · Nile Basin cooperation

1. A. Through peaceful cooperation.
2. B. By deciding not to make use of it at all.
3. C. By deciding based on majority vote
4. D. By referring to historical records.

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Q53 · Hard work and civilization

1. A. By ignoring tradition and advancing modernity
2. B. By invention and discovery
3. C. By advancing the possibility of globalization
4. D. By cultivating foreign culture

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Q54 · Self-reliance

1. A. migration of citizens to developed nations
2. B. accepting donation from super powers
3. C. dependent citizens who are honest
4. D. contributions of self-reliant citizens

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Q55 · Feminism - Charlotte Gilman

1. A. The economic freedom of women from their husbands' income, a mechanism of allowing to use 30% of their husbands' income.
2. B. The impossibility of the freedom of women from men unless they are engaged in armed struggles against men.
3. C. The separation of women and men and independence of women where women can support themselves without cooperation with men.
4. D. The possibility of women being independent from household affairs and promoting the engagement of women in income generating activities.

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Q56 · Moral theories

1. A. divine command moral theory
2. B. utilitarian moral theory
3. C. Kant's rights approach of moral theory
4. D. virtue based moral theory

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Q57 · Rule of law and constitution

1. A. Rule of law and constitutional culture are mutually exclusive.
2. B. Rule of law and a constitutional culture have reciprocal relations.
3. C. Rule of law must be a prerequisite for constitutional culture.
4. D. A written Constitution is a precondition for the rule of law.

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Q58 · Diplomacy

1. A. Diplomatic aggression
2. B. Diplomatic manipulation.
3. C. Diplomatic arbitration.
4. D. Diplomatic Mission.

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Q59 · Corruption types

1. A. Favoritism
2. B. Nepotism
3. C. Bribery
4. D. Embezzlement

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Q60 · Elections - candidate qualification

1. A. Your personal and physical appearance
2. B. Your political philosophy and policies
3. C. Number of friends and supporters in your locality
4. D. Your commitment to a totalitarian rule

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Q61 · Gender equality - constitution

1. A. The constitution has no role in sex since it is natural.
2. B. Constitutional base prioritizes gender equality over sex.
3. C. The constitution determines gender for nationals.
4. D. The constitution recognizes gender equality.

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Q62 · Self-reliant decision making

1. A. He is often one of the overconfident managers.
2. B. He commits errors but doesn't feel ashamed.
3. C. He makes decisions based on facts, experience and teamwork.
4. D. He refrains from self-criticisms and criticisms from others.

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Q63 · Open-mindedness

1. A. being finds reasons to explain your behavior to offend others
2. B. being ready to listen and consider the ideas and arguments of others
3. C. a person who can be relied on to do whatever you want
4. D. the act of showing the disapproval of the opinions of others.

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Q64 · Saving - beliefs

1. A. self-reliance
2. B. religious virtue
3. C. self-confidence
4. D. religious dogmatism

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Q65 · Terminology - lobby

1. A. discrimination.
2. B. public rebellion.
3. C. lobby.
4. D. public unrest.

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Q66 · Community participation

1. A. It is both a social and a political participation.
2. B. It is neither a social nor an economic participation.
3. C. It is exclusively a political participation.
4. D. It is exclusively a social participation.

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Q67 · Traditional knowledge

1. A. He must be a magician and sorcerer with no source of knowledge.
2. B. The source of his knowledge comes from invisible spirits.
3. C. He accumulated his knowledge through formal education.
4. D. His knowledge is acquired from informal learning.

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Q68 · Majority rule/minority rights

1. A. the majority impose their policies and strategies on the minorities.
2. B. the law favors the rights of the minorities over the interests of majority over the majority.
3. C. the minority cooperate to look after their rights and oppose the majority.
4. D. there is a possibility to check the observance of the rights of the minority.

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Q69 · Ethiopian history - 1960 coup

1. A. Political stability in a dictatorship can be achieved through coup d'état.
2. B. Political transformation needs thought and dialogue than coup d'état.
3. C. If the government is authoritarian and dictator, coup d'état is a sustainable solution.
4. D. Coup d'état is the solution for preventing recurrent public uprisings in Ethiopia.

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Q70 · Federalism

1. A. By controlling the abuse of power in the distribution of powers between the federal government and the regional states.
2. B. By allowing the federal government exercises freely its power over the regional affairs of constituent parts.
3. C. By allowing extensive powers and self-rule for regional governments that can control the federal government.
4. D. By centralizing decision making and decentralizing administration within the localities of regional governments.

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Q71 · Information reliability

1. A. information we acquire from observation is more reliable than interviews and readings.
2. B. information we acquire from observation, interviews and readings are equally reliable.
3. C. information we acquire through reading is more reliable than observation and interviews.
4. D. the information we gain from interviews is more reliable than observation and readings.

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Q73 · Crimes against humanity

1. A. The observance of fundamental human and democratic rights
2. B. Peaceful demonstrations according to the law
3. C. Commitment to the rights to life, liberty and freedom of expression
4. D. Repression of basic human rights like the right to life and liberty

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Q74 · Reading effectiveness

1. A. Kaleab and Tsigereda are equally good readers.
2. B. Compared with Tsigereda, Kaleab is a better reader.
3. C. Kaleab's life is a life of reading and hence he is a good reader.
4. D. Compared with Kaleab, Tsigereda is a better reader.

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Q75 · Constitution supremacy

1. A. All other laws within the nation must confront the constitution, all political powers are sources of the constitution and it is the suppression of people's sovereignty.
2. B. All other laws within the nation are replications of the constitution, it is the suppression of all political powers and denies the sovereignty of the people.
3. C. All other laws within the nation must conform to the constitution, the constitution is source of all powers, and it is the expression of people's sovereignty.
4. D. All other laws within the nation must override the constitution, the constitution is the source of all powers, and it is the expression of people's sovereignty.

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Q76 · Ethiopian history - post 1974

1. A. An era of gross violations of human and democratic rights of people.
2. B. An era of civilized mechanisms to challenge the totalitarian rule.
3. C. An era of great respect of civil rights and political rights.
4. D. An era of nonviolence in social, economic and political aspects of life.

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Q77 · Ethiopian history - Bale rebellion

1. A. The need for the right of ruling the nation.
2. B. The need for magisterial representation.
3. C. The need for freedom and improved life.
4. D. The need for a proper national representation.

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Q78 · Judiciary - military era

1. A. There is a possibility of division of power between the federal and regional states.
2. B. It allows for the rights of constituent administrative regions in decision making.
3. C. It is highly decentralized and has limited power in decision making at regional levels.
4. D. It is highly centralized and the Supreme Court was a final decision making body in the nation.

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Q79 · Social services equality

1. A. equal provision of social services
2. B. marginalizing selected groups.
3. C. discrimination based on ethnicity.
4. D. assessment of the public life

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Q80 · Economics - rent seeking

1. A. whole sale.
2. B. market competition.
3. C. retail sale.
4. D. rent seeking.

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Q81 · Patriotism development

1. A. Oppression of rights, avoiding any responsibility, marginalizing the majority, abolishing the distribution of goods and services.
2. B. Affirmative action, unequal distribution of goods and services, stagnation in development, questioning common symbols and the sense of national unity.
3. C. Avoiding discriminations, enhancing goods and services, assuring equality among citizens, allowing access to public goods and developing a sense of national unity.
4. D. Compromising equality, promoting development, favoring the majority, developing a sense of revenge among people.

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Q82 · Democratic system

1. A. The prevalence of human and democratic rights is guaranteed.
2. B. The communication between the ruling and the ruled will be threatened.
3. C. There will be an unquestionable adherence to the rule of law by the government.
4. D. The political sphere will facilitate the healthy participation of people.

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Q83 · Students' obligations

1. A. Being critical opponents to the irrational wills of school leaders in a rational way.
2. B. Showing maximum honesty and trustworthy in using public and private properties in the school.
3. C. Bullying and ridiculing fellow students for possible mistakes in the class rooms.
4. D. Respecting the written and unwritten regulations of school vicinity and rules of class rooms.

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Q84 · Children's rights - Ethiopian history

1. A. The right to life
2. B. The right to have a proper name
3. C. The right to nationality
4. D. To know and be cared for by parents

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Q85 · Diversity

1. A. As a cultural reality, diversity was governed by a multicultural harmony in Ethiopia.
2. B. Diversity was the basic obstacle for Ethiopia's development.
3. C. Historically, Ethiopian society dealt with the issue of diversity fairly.
4. D. The phenomenon of diversity in Ethiopia requires careful consideration.

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Q86 · Assertiveness

1. A. easily changing his mind flexibly, accepting what others say without debate, and lack self-confidence.
2. B. presenting his opinions with reason openly, disagrees with unacceptable claims, and considering convincing arguments from others.
3. C. confrontation with others aggressively, arrogant to oppositions from others, stagnant to his opinions.
4. D. ridiculing the onions of others openly, opposing to advises of friends and stick to his stands strictly.

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Q87 · Decision making

1. A. looking for alternatives and choosing which is useful for our personal desires, not of others.
2. B. decisions are done collectively and we cannot adhere to the opinions of others.
3. C. focusing on one's potentials and listening to opinions of others.
4. D. making independent decisions by ignoring the ideas of others.

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Q88 · Consumer behavior

1. A. Purchasing necessary things for one's family needs.
2. B. Purchases which promote ones saving culture.
3. C. Planned purchases which are compatible with one's income.
4. D. Random purchases based on one's emotion rather than income.

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Q89 · Globalization and Ethiopian economy

1. A. Since the effect of globalization is strong and we cannot control its effects, the Ethiopian economy cannot be liberated from globalization.
2. B. Since there is a form of economic globalization among countries, the Ethiopian economy may be affected by globalization.
3. C. Since globalization is not economical but of cultural phenomena, it has little impact on Ethiopian economy.
4. D. Since Ethiopia adopts its own indigenous economic system, globalization doesn't affect our economy.

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Q90 · Saving culture

1. A. Preferring traditional saving
2. B. Consuming local products
3. C. Using foreign products than local products
4. D. Replacing traditional saving by modern saving

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