2016 E.C. Biology EUEE past paper

Q1 · Biotechnology

1. A. can undergo chromosomal non-disjunction
2. B. replicates its DNA without control
3. C. has received genetic material of another organism
4. D. is artificially cultured and harvested

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Q2 · Biosensor technology

1. A. develop vaccines
2. B. monitor pollutants
3. C. extract metals from ores
4. D. produce antibiotics

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Q3 · Industrial microbiology

1. A. the temperature of insoluble large stain molecules
2. B. the acidic or basic nature of the stain molecules
3. C. the color of stain molecules to another color
4. D. large insoluble stain molecules into small and soluble ones

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Q4 · Bio-pesticides

1. A. breakdowns glyphosate by an enzyme introduced into plant cell culture.
2. B. uses bacteria and fungi or their metabolites to kill insects.
3. C. produces insect resistant crops through modification of the plant genes using bacterial plasmids.
4. D. produces toxic chemicals by crops through modification of their genes.

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Q5 · Bacteria

1. A. They are single celled prokaryotic organisms.
2. B. They are multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
3. C. They are single celled eukaryotic organisms.
4. D. They are multicellular prokaryotic organisms.

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Q6 · Evolution/Gene flow

1. A. that drives a population towards perfection.
2. B. without altering the allele frequencies.
3. C. without affecting the balance of gene pool of a population.
4. D. where organisms either join or leave a population.

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Q7 · Nervous system

1. A. Somatic sensory nerves, spinal cord and efferent nerves
2. B. Afferent nerves, brain and automatic motor nerves
3. C. Afferent nerves, efferent nerves and somatic motor nerves
4. D. Spinal cord, efferent nerves and somatic sensory nerves

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Q8 · Neuron structure

1. A. Cell body - maintains structure and supply energy
2. B. Axon - receives signal from muscle
3. C. Dendrites - protects the neuron and insulate it
4. D. Myelin sheath - reduces nerve impulse transmission

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Q9 · Nerve impulse

1. A. the movement of neurotransmitter molecules into myelin sheath.
2. B. charge difference across the membrane of axon.
3. C. balanced course across the membrane of dendrites.
4. D. the movement of neurotransmitter molecules out of cell body.

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Q10 · Synapse

1. A. a facilitator of the reverse flow of neurotransmitter chemical in neuron
2. B. the mechanism of protecting the axon from external damage
3. C. a connection between dendrites of consecutive neurons
4. D. a conductor of action potential towards the end of the dendrite

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Q11 · Enzyme inhibition

1. A. binding to a site other than the active site and altering the shape of the active site
2. B. substrate and preventing it from binding to the active site
3. C. active site of an enzyme and blocking the substrate
4. D. active site and altering the shape of the enzyme

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Q12 · Enzymes/Metabolism

1. A. enzymes facilitate metabolic reactions under controlled physiological conditions.
2. B. metabolic processes can produce special products in the presence of enzymes.
3. C. enzymes are protein molecules that act as a source of energy.
4. D. reactions can't totally take place in the absence of enzymes.

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Q13 · History of cell biology

1. A. Enovation of the first scanning electron microscope
2. B. Discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA
3. C. Description of the Golgi apparatus
4. D. Sequencing of the human genome

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Q14 · Water properties

1. A. adhesive force
2. B. specific heat capacity
3. C. latent heat of vaporization
4. D. surface tension

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Q15 · Microscopy

1. A. 16 millimeter
2. B. 0.40 millimeter
3. C. 4 millimeter
4. D. 0.25 millimeter

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Q16 · Cell types

1. A. small ribosomes whereas eukaryotic cells have large ribosomes
2. B. membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cells don't have it
3. C. cell wall whereas eukaryotic cells don't have it
4. D. division of labor whereas eukaryotic cells don't have it

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Q17 · Biological tools

1. A. Burette - to measure mass of a substance
2. B. Petri dishes - to culture microorganisms
3. C. Centrifuges - to collect insects
4. D. Theodolite - to measure the rate of water flow

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Q18 · Centrifugation

1. A. C>A>B
2. B. A>B>C
3. C. A=B=C
4. D. B>A>C

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Q19 · Future of biology

1. A. Using stem cells to repair damaged organs and grow new organ
2. B. Finding alternative living place for human population
3. C. Finding the adaptation mechanism of plant in new condition
4. D. Advising the government on how to conserve environment

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Q21 · Oxidative phosphorylation

1. A. dehydrogenation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
2. B. transport of electrons from complex IV to complex I.
3. C. decarboxylation of citrate from NADH/FADH₂ to O₂.
4. D. transfer of electrons from NADH/FADH₂ to O₂.

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Q22 · Phosphorylation comparison

1. A. phosphorylation is made in the cytosol, but in oxidative phosphorylation it is made in the inner membrane of mitochondria.
2. B. 34 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule, but in oxidative phosphorylation ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule.
3. C. protons are pumped into the inter-membrane space, but in oxidative phosphorylation they are pumped into the cytosol.
4. D. oxygen is the final electron acceptor, but in oxidative phosphorylation NAD is the electron acceptor.

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Q23 · Disease transmission

1. A. Candidiasis - droplet infection
2. B. Salmonellosis - contaminated food
3. C. Chicken pox - fecal-oral-route
4. D. Common cold - direct contact

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Q25 · Origin of life

1. A. The appearance of dust of unknown source with microbial spores that can feed on organic molecules.
2. B. Life is the inherent property of the universe which permits unlimited existence through usage of resource in it.
3. C. The formation of abundant organic molecules due to radiations and the absence of oxygen led to the primitive living organisms.
4. D. Resistant spores from meteorites reached to the earth and used organic molecules to survive in the environment.

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Q26 · Lamarck vs Darwin

1. A. Darwin recognized the origin of species was through mutation while Lamarck believed it was through effect of the environment.
2. B. Lamarck believed in the development of new traits due to variation while Darwin believed in their occurrence due to use and disuse of organs.
3. C. Lamarck believed the gradual occurrence of changes while Darwin believed in the immediate change of species.
4. D. Darwin claimed that variation is heritable while Lamarck considers variation as acquired traits.

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Q27 · Bacterial conjugation

1. A. Mitotic spindles are produced to separate bacterial DNA into two equal parts.
2. B. The recipient bacteria use their pili to pull the donor bacteria during plasmid transfer.
3. C. Bacteria take up genetic materials of dead organisms and integrate into their DNA.
4. D. A pair of bacteria come together and exchanges their plasmids.

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Q28 · Fungi characteristics

1. A. they reproduce asexually through spore production
2. B. have haploid spores and multinucleate hyphae
3. C. are often autotrophic, parasitic or saprophytic
4. D. exhibit apical growth of networked hyphae

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Q29 · Viruses

1. A. viruses have cell surface antigen specific to a given cell type
2. B. are obligate saprophyte that can only replicate inside a cell
3. C. lack metabolic capacity to produce energy outside cells
4. D. lack of double strand DNA to duplicate themselves

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Q30 · Metabolism

1. A. Catabolism is condensation while anabolism is hydrolysis reaction
2. B. Anabolism is related to respiration while catabolism is to photosynthesis
3. C. Anabolism is energy absorbing while catabolism is energy releasing process
4. D. Catabolism is a constructive while anabolism is a destructive reaction

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Q31 · Skin/Dermis

1. A. Prevention of the entry of pathogens
2. B. Production of skin pigments
3. C. Synthesis of hair and nail proteins
4. D. Temperature regulation in homeostasis

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Q33 · Ear/Balance

1. A. The sensory cells were unable to detect stimulus after the spinning was quitted.
2. B. The fluid in the semi secular canal stopped immediately when the body stopped spinning.
3. C. The fluid in the semicircular canal kept moving after the spinning was interrupted.
4. D. The nerve impulse was transmitted after the spinning was stopped.

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Q34 · Hormones

1. A. transmit message faster than the nerve system.
2. B. regulates many physiological process.
3. C. targets only the site of secretion.
4. D. are produced in glands that contain ducts.

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Q35 · Homeostasis

1. A. adjusting the cell environment relative to body condition
2. B. keeping the internal body environment constant
3. C. keeping the external environment stable
4. D. protecting the body from pathogens

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Q36 · Evidences of evolution

1. A. Organisms which live in the same area have similar evolutionary history.
2. B. Organisms which have little genetic relationship show similar behavior.
3. C. Species that are closely related share the most similar DNA sequences.
4. D. Species that live in the same geographic area have the same genetic makeup.

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Q37 · Natural selection

1. A. Stabilizing selection
2. B. Diversifying selection
3. C. Disruptive selection
4. D. Directional selection

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Q38 · Gene mutation

1. A. insertion mutation
2. B. deletion mutation
3. C. substitution
4. D. non-disjunction

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Q39 · Human evolution

1. A. Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo neanderthalensis → Homo sapiens
2. B. Homo neanderthalensis → Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens
3. C. Homo erectus → Homo neanderthalensis → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens
4. D. Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo neanderthalensis → Homo sapiens

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Q40 · Genetic drift

1. A. non-random mating of individuals in a population.
2. B. independent assortment of chromosomes.
3. C. chance based sampling error.
4. D. relocation of species into other areas.

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Q41 · Photosynthesis/Calvin cycle

1. A. Excitation of electrons from chlorophyll molecules
2. B. Cyclic photophosphorylation of ADP in the thylakoid
3. C. Splitting of water molecules into its components
4. D. Reduction of triose molecules by hydrogen from NADPH

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Q43 · Photosynthesis equation

1. A. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
2. B. C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ATP
3. C. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
4. D. 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

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Q44 · ATP structure

1. A. two adenine bases attached to a hexose sugar and three phosphate groups.
2. B. one adenine base attached to a pentose sugar and three phosphate groups.
3. C. two adenine bases attached to a deoxyribose sugar and two phosphate groups.
4. D. one adenine base attached to a ribose sugar and two phosphate groups.

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Q45 · Glycolysis

1. A. that produces a net of 4 ATP through substrate level phosphorylation.
2. B. of producing acetyl CoA from pyruvate by releasing CO2.
3. C. of breaking down of a glucose molecule to two pyruvates.
4. D. that takes place in the cytosol with high demand of oxygen.

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Q46 · Kidney/Bowman's capsule

1. A. Prevent back flow of urine
2. B. Mineral reabsorption
3. C. Ultrafiltration of blood
4. D. Water preservation

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Q47 · Thermoregulation

1. A. Closure of the glands in the epidermal layer of the skin
2. B. The lower rate of evaporation of water from the skin surface
3. C. An increase in metabolic rate as temperature increases
4. D. Unequal distribution of ions on membrane of cells

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Q48 · Climate change

1. A. radical change of local weather condition that sustain for less than a year.
2. B. sudden change in an average rainfall of a limited area.
3. C. gradual change of atmospheric temperature over a short period of time.
4. D. global change in the temperature, precipitation and wind conditions.

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Q49 · Greenhouse effect

1. A. Increased rate of uptake of carbon dioxide by green plants
2. B. Drop in temperature of the earth and death of aquatic organisms
3. C. Preventing certain amount of heat escaping back to the space
4. D. Reduction in the sea level and death of aquatic animals

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Q50 · UNFCCC

1. A. Prevention of dangerous man-made interference with the climate system
2. B. Reduction of the monopole utilization of border crossing rivers to prevent climate change
3. C. Donation of high carbon projects related to climate change by the developed countries
4. D. Prohibition of developing countries from setting up big industries that could affect the climate

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Q51 · Ecology

1. A. catastrophic factor.
2. B. abiotic factor.
3. C. edaphic factor.
4. D. biotic factor.

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Q53 · Carbon cycle

1. A. decomposition and respiration.
2. B. combustion and photosynthesis.
3. C. respiration and assimilation.
4. D. photosynthesis and respiration.

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Q54 · Adaptation

1. A. smaller size
2. B. blubbers under the skin
3. C. thick wrinkled ears
4. D. fine silky fur

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Q55 · Blood groups

1. A. blood type B.
2. B. blood type AB.
3. C. blood type O.
4. D. blood type A.

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Q56 · Meiosis

1. A. divided centromere and separated sister chromatids
2. B. reformed nuclear envelope and reappearance of nucleolus
3. C. one chromosome from each homologous pairs at the poles
4. D. crossing over between non-sister chromatids of homologous pairs

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Q57 · Taxonomy/Binomial

1. A. Kingdome and species
2. B. Order and family
3. C. Genus and species
4. D. Kingdome and phylum

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Q58 · Kingdom Monera

1. A. multicellular with cell walls.
2. B. unicellular without separated nucleus.
3. C. mainly autotrophic and saprophytic.
4. D. reproduced by hyphia formation.

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Q59 · Harmful organisms

1. A. Candidaulbicans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Trypanosoma
2. B. Trypanosoma, Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma
3. C. Haemophilus ducreyi, Trypanosoma cruzi and Tinea pedis
4. D. Trypanosoma, Plasmodium falciparum and Penicillium

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Q60 · Mollusca

1. A. well-developed brain.
2. B. segmented body with head and thorax.
3. C. lung as a breathing structure.
4. D. hard muscular foot with a hard body.

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Q61 · Ethiopian research institutes

1. A. Improving crop production through genetic engineering
2. B. Conserving the genes of endemic plants and animals
3. C. Assessing the nutritional status of mothers and babies
4. D. Developing drugs for leishmaniasis and tuberculosis

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Q63 · Digestion in stomach

1. A. Lipase hydrolyzes fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol.
2. B. Pepsin hydrolyzes protein molecules into amino acids.
3. C. Amylase hydrolyzes starch molecules into maltose.
4. D. Bile hydrolyzes bigger fat molecules into smaller droplets.

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Q64 · Trypsin

1. A. maltose in the mouth.
2. B. lipids in the small intestine.
3. C. starch in the stomach.
4. D. protein in the small intestine.

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Q65 · Nutrient absorption

1. A. Amino acid molecules are directly absorbed from small intestine into the blood.
2. B. Glycerol molecules are first absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and then to lacteal.
3. C. Glucose molecules are first absorbed into the lacteal and then enter into the blood.
4. D. Fatty acids molecules are absorbed from small intestine directly into the blood.

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Q66 · FGM/Health

1. A. helps to deliver baby easily.
2. B. Gives social acceptance for marriage.
3. C. imposes risk of infection.
4. D. keeps girls pure and honest.

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Q67 · HIV/Health

1. A. Ignore your friend with precautions
2. B. Help your friend with precautions to protect you from the virus
3. C. Call to other people to protect you from the virus
4. D. Help your friend without any fear of the virus

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Q68 · Root hairs

1. A. show positive hydrotropism
2. B. anchor the plant to the ground
3. C. keep rigidity of the cell
4. D. have high surface area to volume ratio

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Q69 · Apical dominance

1. A. plant elongates and bends to one direction
2. B. plant shades its leaves to withstand the condition
3. C. side shoots grow quickly and the plant becomes bushy
4. D. growth of the lateral shoots will be inhibited

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Q70 · Germination

1. A. remaining of the cotyledon below the ground
2. B. growth of plumule without forming a hook
3. C. growth of plumule above the soil surface
4. D. hypogeal germination of the hypocotyl

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Q71 · Enzymes

1. A. Reducing the activation energy
2. B. Being non-specific to substrates
3. C. Being altered in a chemical reaction
4. D. Changing the nature of the product

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Q72 · Enzyme classification

1. A. ultra-subclass of an enzyme that is related to the place where they act
2. B. sub-subclass of an enzyme in relation to its protein nature
3. C. sub-class of an enzyme in relation to the source from where it was discovered
4. D. main class of an enzyme which indicates the type of reaction it catalyses

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Q73 · Enzyme action

1. A. straining of the substrate molecules bound to the active site
2. B. provision of alternative pathway for the reaction
3. C. conformational change of substrate molecules
4. D. permanent modification of the active site of the enzyme

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Q74 · Enzyme cofactors

1. A. Magnesium ions
2. B. Cobalt ions
3. C. Ferrous ions
4. D. Zinc ions

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Q76 · Enzyme experiment

1. A. 30°C
2. B. 10°C
3. C. 50°C
4. D. 55°C

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Q77 · Mendelian genetics

1. A. two traits in the F1 generation were equally expressed
2. B. expressed trait must be determined by the recessive allele
3. C. alleles masked in the F1 generation were lost due to mutation
4. D. expressed trait must be determined by the dominant allele

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Q78 · Chromosome structure

1. A. Chromosomes are similar to a gene in structure
2. B. The pair of chromosomes is heterozygous in nature
3. C. The DNA is wrapped with ribose sugar to form a chromosome
4. D. Chromosomes are made up of histone bounded DNA

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Q79 · Selective breeding

1. A. selective breeding
2. B. self-breeding
3. C. test cross
4. D. combination of traits

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Q81 · Biomolecules/Lipids

1. A. Glycogen
2. B. Triglyceride
3. C. Amino acid
4. D. Cellulose

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Q82 · Protein structure

1. A. through the association of two or more polypeptide chains
2. B. when a polypeptide chain folds itself during protein synthesis
3. C. through folding of secondary structure of a polypeptide chain
4. D. by hydrogen bonding between quaternary and tertiary structures

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Q83 · Lipids/Buoyancy

1. A. Buoyancy
2. B. Thermal insulation
3. C. Waterproofing
4. D. Respiratory substrate

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Q85 · Food tests

1. A. Proteins and reducing sugars are found in all the food samples at equal concentrations
2. B. Lipids and reducing sugars are absent from all the three food samples tested
3. C. Non-reducing sugars are present in all the food samples at different concentrations
4. D. Reducing sugars are found in two of the samples, but not found in all

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Q86 · Respiratory structures

1. A. Alveoli- supported by cartilage for swallowing food
2. B. Trachea - millions of air sacs for diffusion of O2 and CO2
3. C. Nasal passage - large surface area with hairs for filtration of air
4. D. Larynx - hair like strictures for mucus production

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Q87 · Gas exchange

1. A. 16% oxygen, 4% carbon dioxide and 80% nitrogen
2. B. 70% oxygen, 20% carbon dioxide and 80% nitrogen
3. C. 80% oxygen, 20% carbon dioxide and 80% nitrogen
4. D. 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide and 80% nitrogen

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Q89 · Oxygen transport

1. A. from the red blood cells to actively respiring tissues by facilitated diffusion
2. B. by simple diffusion along concentration gradient from the lungs to the heart
3. C. from the lungs to actively respiring tissue by hemoglobin of RBC
4. D. by the blood plasma from lower concentration to higher concentration

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Q90 · Heart/Circulation

1. A. returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
2. B. forces oxygenated blood out of the heart
3. C. returns oxygenated blood to the heart
4. D. forces deoxygenated blood out of the heart

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Q91 · Ethiopian national parks

1. A. Simien Mountain National Park
2. B. Yangudi Rassa National Park
3. C. Rift Valley National Park
4. D. Bale Mountain National Park

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Q92 · Endemic species

1. A. Acacia baramuleta
2. B. Persea papaya
3. C. Eucalyptus globulose
4. D. Guizotia abyssinica

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Q93 · Scientific method

1. A. Read scientific articles about the reason for curdling of milk
2. B. Take action to prevent the milk from curdling
3. C. Formulate hypothesis about the reason for milk curdling
4. D. Ask a question why the milk forms curd

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Q94 · Experimental design

1. A. The drug has an effect
2. B. Conclusion cannot be reached
3. C. The experiment was wrong
4. D. Placebo has better effect

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Q95 · Lab reporting

1. A. Title→Hypothesis→Procedure→Prediction→Conclusion→Result→Evaluation→Acknowledgment
2. B. Title→Procedure→Result→Hypothesis→Prediction→Conclusion→Acknowledgment→Evaluation
3. C. Title→Hypothesis→Prediction→Procedure→Result→Conclusion→Evaluation→Acknowledgment
4. D. Title→Prediction→Procedure→Hypothesis→Evaluation→Acknowledgment→Result→Conclusion

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Q96 · Cell membrane

1. A. Phospholipid molecules are peripherally attached to proteins
2. B. Phospholipids fill the protein like a sandwich to retain its rigidity
3. C. Phospholipids are inserted into the bilayer of protein molecules
4. D. Protein molecules are studded between the phospholipid bilayers

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Q97 · Cholesterol/Membrane

1. A. reduces the fluidity of the cell membrane
2. B. anchors integral proteins to the cytoskeleton
3. C. acts as receptor site for hormones and other signaling molecules
4. D. transports hydrophilic molecules into the cell

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Q99 · Osmosis

1. A. 1.5 molars
2. B. 0.1 molars
3. C. 0.5 molars
4. D. 1.0 molars

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Q100 · Osmosis

1. A. "B" decrease
2. B. "A" remains constant
3. C. both "A" and "B" rise up
4. D. "B" rise up

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