2018 E.C. Biology EUEE past paper

Q1 · Carbohydrates

1. A. Glycogen
2. B. Fructose
3. C. Cellulose
4. D. Maltose

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Q2 · Lipids

1. A. Saturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have only single bonds.
2. B. Saturated fatty acids are typically found in plants, while unsaturated fatty acids are found in animals.
3. C. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.
4. D. Saturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids are solid.

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Q3 · Digestive system

1. A. It breaks down proteins in the stomach.
2. B. It emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets.
3. C. It helps to digest carbohydrates in the small intestine.
4. D. It neutralizes the acid from the stomach to make the food alkaline.

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Q4 · Digestive system

1. A. Stomach
2. B. Small intestine
3. C. Pancreas
4. D. Liver

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Q5 · Respiratory system

1. A. Larynx
2. B. Diaphragm
3. C. Trachea
4. D. Bronchi

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Q6 · Anaerobic respiration

1. A. Lactic acid
2. B. Ethanol
3. C. Oxygen
4. D. Carbon dioxide

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Q7 · Anaerobic respiration

1. A. Yeast cells use oxygen to break down glucose and produce ATP, water, and carbon dioxide.
2. B. Yeast cells break down glucose without oxygen, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
3. C. Yeast cells produce ATP by converting lactic acid into energy.
4. D. Yeast cells use lactic acid as the main energy source in the absence of oxygen.

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Q8 · Blood and circulation

1. A. Red blood cells have a nucleus and live for about 10-20 days.
2. B. Red blood cells are shaped as biconcave discs, which gives them a large surface area for oxygen exchange.
3. C. Red blood cells are responsible for fighting infections in the body.
4. D. Red blood cells are made in the liver and transport carbon dioxide around the body.

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Q9 · Blood and circulation

1. A. Type A
2. B. Type B
3. C. Type AB
4. D. Type O

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Q10 · Bacteria

1. A. Bacteria are single-celled organisms.
2. B. Bacterial cells contain a nucleus to store genetic material.
3. C. Bacteria can have structures like flagella to help them move.
4. D. Some bacteria are useful for processes like fermentation and decay.

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Q11 · Food preservation

1. A. To make the food taste better
2. B. To keep the food warm for longer
3. C. To sterilize the food by killing all micro-organisms
4. D. To preserve the food by freezing

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Q12 · Parasitic diseases

1. A. By drinking contaminated water
2. B. By eating undercooked or raw meat containing young tapeworms
3. C. By coming into contact with contaminated soil
4. D. Through insect bites

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Q13 · Sexually transmitted infections

1. A. Getting vaccinated for gonorrhea
2. B. Using a male or female condom during sexual activity
3. C. Avoiding alcohol consumption
4. D. Avoiding all contact with infected individuals

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Q14 · Sexually transmitted infections

1. A. It causes severe pain and tissue damage
2. B. It can lead to permanent infertility
3. C. The sores caused by chancroid increase the likelihood of contracting HIV
4. D. It has no effective treatment

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Q15 · Nervous system

1. A. To produce electrical impulses
2. B. To cross the synapse and start an electrical impulse in the next neuron
3. C. To insulate the axon for faster impulse transmission
4. D. To repair damaged neurons

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Q16 · Nervous system

1. A. A reflex action that is innate and present at birth
2. B. A reflex action that is learned through experience
3. C. A reflex action that occurs only in response to physical injury
4. D. A reflex action that is triggered by emotional stimuli

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Q17 · Sense organs - the eye

1. A. Long sight
2. B. Short sight
3. C. Astigmatism
4. D. Presbyopia

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Q18 · Skin

1. A. Temperature regulation
2. B. Protection against UV light
3. C. Containing blood vessels and sweat glands
4. D. Storing fat for insulation

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Q19 · Endocrine system

1. A. To increase blood sugar levels
2. B. To regulate the heart rate
3. C. To lower blood sugar levels by helping glucose enter cells
4. D. To speed up the breathing rate

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Q20 · Contraception

1. A. The combined oral contraceptive pill
2. B. Male condoms
3. C. Hormonal implants
4. D. Diaphragm

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Q21 · Thermoregulation

1. A. To increase body temperature
2. B. To release excess carbon dioxide
3. C. To cool the body down by evaporation
4. D. To conserve water and ions

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Q22 · Thermoregulation

1. A. Sweating
2. B. Vasodilation
3. C. Vasoconstriction
4. D. Panting

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Q23 · Leaf structure

1. A. Palisade mesophyll
2. B. Stomata
3. C. Xylem
4. D. Phloem

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Q24 · Photosynthesis

1. A. Water
2. B. Carbon dioxide
3. C. Chlorophyll
4. D. Nitrogen

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Q25 · Photosynthesis

1. A. To remove the starch
2. B. To soften the leaf
3. C. To kill the leaf and stop biochemical processes
4. D. To add iodine solution to the leaf

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Q26 · Transpiration and transport in plants

1. A. Active transport
2. B. Transpiration
3. C. Photosynthesis
4. D. Respiration

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Q27 · Transpiration and transport in plants

1. A. They absorb water from the soil.
2. B. They open and close the stomata to regulate water loss.
3. C. They transport sugars through the plant.
4. D. They produce chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

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Q28 · Plant hormones and tropisms

1. A. Inhibit cell division
2. B. Stimulate root growth
3. C. Stimulate cell elongation and shoot growth
4. D. Promote fruit ripening

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Q29 · Plant hormones and tropisms

1. A. Geotropism
2. B. Hydrotropism
3. C. Phototropism
4. D. Thermotropism

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Q30 · Plant hormones and tropisms

1. A. Auxin promotes growth in both shoots and roots
2. B. Auxin promotes growth in shoots and inhibits growth in roots
3. C. Auxin inhibits growth in both shoots and roots
4. D. Auxin inhibits growth in shoots and promotes growth in roots

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Q31 · Enzymes

1. A. To increase the temperature of reactions
2. B. To create products from substrates
3. C. To lower the activation energy and speed up reaction
4. D. To increase the activation energy needed for reaction

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Q32 · Enzymes

1. A. Enzymes are specific only for a single bond type and not for a substrate.
2. B. Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to act only on a particular substrate.
3. C. Enzymes can act on any type of substrate without preference.
4. D. Enzyme specificity refers to the size of the enzyme, not its function.

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Q33 · Enzymes

1. A. Low temperature and acidic pH
2. B. High heat, extreme pH, heavy metals, or solvents
3. C. Low concentration of substrate
4. D. An increase in enzyme concentration

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Q34 · Enzymes

1. A. It is where the enzyme binds to its cofactor.
2. B. It is the region where the enzyme binds to its substrate.
3. C. It binds to non-protein molecules like vitamins.
4. D. It is only responsible for enzyme activation.

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Q35 · Enzymes

1. A. Catalyze the transfer of functional groups.
2. B. Catalyze the breakdown of starch.
3. C. Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions by transferring electrons.
4. D. Catalyze the joining of two molecules using ATP.

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Q36 · Enzymes

1. A. Temperature
2. B. pH
3. C. Enzyme concentration
4. D. The color of the enzyme

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Q37 · Enzymes

1. A. The enzyme becomes more efficient.
2. B. The enzyme becomes denatured and loses its function.
3. C. The enzyme speeds up the reaction rate.
4. D. The enzyme increases its affinity for the substrate.

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Q38 · Enzymes

1. A. Substrate
2. B. Vitamin B complex (Coenzyme)
3. C. Product
4. D. Inhibitor

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Q39 · Nucleic acids

1. A. DNA has a single strand, while RNA has a double strand
2. B. DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine
3. C. DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose
4. D. DNA contains ribose, while RNA contains deoxyribose

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Q40 · Nucleic acids

1. A. RNA is responsible for storing genetic information
2. B. RNA facilitates the translation of DNA into proteins
3. C. RNA stores energy for the cell
4. D. RNA is responsible for DNA replication

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Q41 · Cell division

1. A. To produce genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair
2. B. To produce gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes
3. C. To replicate DNA for cellular repair
4. D. To divide somatic cells for tissue regeneration

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Q42 · Cell division

1. A. The cell grows and accumulates nutrients
2. B. DNA is replicated to form sister chromatids
3. C. The nuclear envelope dissolves, and chromosomes condense
4. D. The cytoplasm divides into two separate cells

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Q43 · Genetics

1. A. 1:1
2. B. 3:1
3. C. 2:1
4. D. 1:2:1

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Q44 · Genetics

1. A. Alleles for a single trait separate during meiosis
2. B. Alleles for different traits separate independently of each other during meiosis
3. C. Dominant traits will always be expressed in offspring
4. D. Recessive traits will always be expressed when two recessive alleles are inherited

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Q45 · Genetics

1. A. XX
2. B. XY
3. C. X
4. D. YY

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Q46 · Genetics

1. A. Complete dominance
2. B. Incomplete dominance
3. C. Gene segregation
4. D. Independent assortment

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Q47 · Biotechnology

1. A. Genetic engineering of crops
2. B. Creating synthetic chemicals
3. C. Developing biological weapons
4. D. Reducing biodiversity loss

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Q48 · Biotechnology

1. A. The use of genetic engineering to improve crops
2. B. Analysis of DNA and other biological evidence at crime scenes
3. C. The development of new biofuels
4. D. Engineering microorganisms for industrial use

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Q49 · Biotechnology

1. A. Increasing the cost of drug production
2. B. Providing effective diagnostics, prevention, and treatment
3. C. Reducing the need for medical research
4. D. Limiting the development of new disease

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Q50 · Biotechnology

1. A. PCR amplification
2. B. Bio-trickling filters
3. C. Genetic engineering of plants
4. D. DNA sequencing

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Q51 · Biology and health

1. A. The absence of disease
2. B. A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
3. C. The ability to grow and reproduce
4. D. The ability to exercise regularly

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Q52 · Biology and conservation of natural resources

1. A. To reduce pollution
2. B. To manage renewable and non-renewable resources properly
3. C. To increase the demand for natural resources
4. D. To exploit natural resources for immediate use

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Q53 · Biology and conservation of natural resources

1. A. Cattle
2. B. Trees
3. C. Coal
4. D. Water

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Q54 · Biology and conservation of natural resources

1. A. Planting a tree
2. B. Reducing pollution
3. C. Hugging a tree
4. D. Urbanization and excessive development

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Q55 · Food security

1. A. That food is produced only for wealthy individuals
2. B. That everyone has physical, social, and economic access to nutritious food
3. C. That food prices are high to prevent overconsumption
4. D. That food production remains the same each year

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Q56 · Biology and conservation of natural resources

1. A. Gold
2. B. Coal
3. C. Coffee
4. D. Oil

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Q57 · Microorganisms

1. A. Bacteria
2. B. Fungi
3. C. Mammals
4. D. Viruses

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Q58 · Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

1. A. Eukaryotic cells have no nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.
2. B. Eukaryotic cells are unicellular, while prokaryotic cells are multicellular.
3. C. Prokaryotic cells have no membrane-enclosed nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.
4. D. Eukaryotic cells lack cell membranes, while prokaryotic cells have them.

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Q59 · Bacteria

1. A. Spiral-shaped
2. B. Rod-shaped
3. C. Spherical
4. D. Oval-shaped

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Q60 · Archaea

1. A. Archaea are only found in warm, tropical climates.
2. B. Archaea inhabit extreme environments such as hot springs, saline lakes, and deep-sea vents.
3. C. Archaea only live in the human gut.
4. D. Archaea thrive in forested areas with abundant rainfall.

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Q61 · Fungi

1. A. Fungi can photosynthesize, while plants cannot.
2. B. Fungi do not have cell walls, while plants do.
3. C. Fungi have chitin in their cell walls, while plants have cellulose.
4. D. Fungi are always unicellular, while plants are always multicellular.

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Q62 · Fungi

1. A. Fungi can cause diseases in humans.
2. B. Fungi help in the fermentation process to produce traditional beverages like Tej and Tella.
3. C. Fungi only serve as food for other organisms.
4. D. Fungi are used to produce energy in power plants.

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Q63 · Protozoa

1. A. Giardiasis
2. B. Malaria
3. C. Toxoplasmosis
4. D. Amoebiasis

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Q64 · Protozoa

1. A. Contaminated water
2. B. Mosquito bites
3. C. Sand fly bites
4. D. Direct human-to-human contact

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Q65 · Protozoa

1. A. Malaria
2. B. Toxoplasmosis
3. C. Amoebiasis
4. D. African trypanosomiasis

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Q66 · Viruses

1. A. Envelope
2. B. Genome
3. C. Capsid
4. D. Peplomer

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Q67 · Viruses

1. A. Papovavirus
2. B. Parvovirus
3. C. Retroviruses
4. D. Herpesvirus

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Q68 · Viruses

1. A. Cytoplasm
2. B. Nucleus
3. C. Ribosomes
4. D. Mitochondria

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Q69 · Viruses

1. A. Attachment of the virus to a host cell
2. B. Replication of the viral genome
3. C. Fusion of the viral particle with a host's DNA
4. D. Release of new virus particles

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Q70 · Microorganisms in agriculture and industry

1. A. They help in the decomposition of organic matter and formation of humus
2. B. They prevent the nitrogen cycle from occurring
3. C. They convert phosphorus to a form that plants cannot use
4. D. They eliminate all plant pests

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Q71 · Microorganisms in agriculture and industry

1. A. They produce oxygen for the process
2. B. They reduce the volume of sludge and produce methane gas, which can be used as an energy source
3. C. They increase the oxygen consumption of the water
4. D. They prevent bacteria from spoiling the water

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Q72 · Disease transmission

1. A. Cholera
2. B. Malaria
3. C. Pneumonia
4. D. Salmonella

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Q73 · Carbohydrates

1. A. Glucose
2. B. Maltose
3. C. Starch
4. D. Cellulose

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Q74 · Carbohydrates

1. A. The number of carbon atoms
2. B. The position of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1
3. C. The type of glycosidic bond formed
4. D. The size of the glucose molecule

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Q75 · Carbohydrates

1. A. Starch
2. B. Glycogen
3. C. Cellulose
4. D. Chitin

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Q76 · Carbohydrates

1. A. Hydrolysis
2. B. Condensation
3. C. Oxidation
4. D. Reduction

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Q77 · Lipids

1. A. Triglycerides
2. B. Waxes
3. C. Phospholipids
4. D. Sterol

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Q78 · Lipids

1. A. They contain a large number of oxygen atoms.
2. B. They are polar molecules.
3. C. They are hydrophobic in nature.
4. D. They have a high molecular weight.

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Q79 · Lipids

1. A. Triglycerides
2. B. Waxes
3. C. Phospholipids
4. D. Steroids

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Q80 · Lipids

1. A. To store energy
2. B. To provide insulation
3. C. To maintain the stability of the membrane and facilitate cellular recognition
4. D. To act as an energy source

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Q81 · Photosynthesis

1. A. To split water molecules
2. B. To convert light energy into chemical energy
3. C. To fix carbon and produce glucose
4. D. To generate oxygen gas

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Q82 · Photosynthesis

1. A. Carotenoids
2. B. Phycobilins
3. C. Chlorophyll a
4. D. Chlorophyll b

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Q83 · Photosynthesis

1. A. In the stroma of the chloroplast
2. B. In the cytoplasm
3. C. In the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast
4. D. In the mitochondria

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Q84 · Photosynthesis

1. A. To produce ATP
2. B. To provide reducing power for the Calvin cycle
3. C. To absorb light energy
4. D. To split water molecules

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Q85 · Photosynthesis

1. A. Water is split to release oxygen
2. B. Light energy is converted into chemical energy
3. C. Carbon dioxide is fixed into an organic molecule
4. D. ATP is converted into NADP+

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Q86 · Photosynthesis

1. A. Peanuts
2. B. Cacti
3. C. Sugarcane
4. D. Soybeans

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Q87 · Photosynthesis

1. A. They have larger stomata
2. B. They reduce photorespiration by increasing CO2 concentration in their cells
3. C. They do not require light for photosynthesis
4. D. They only perform photosynthesis at night

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Q88 · Photosynthesis

1. A. The enzyme rubisco adds O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP, wasting energy
2. B. The plant fixes CO2 twice in one cycle
3. C. The plant produces excess sugars that are stored for later use
4. D. The plant converts light energy directly into ATP without CO2 fixation

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Q89 · Photosynthesis

1. A. It contributes to the oxygen balance in the atmosphere
2. B. It releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
3. C. It consumes all atmospheric carbon
4. D. It destroys fossil fuels

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Q90 · Cellular respiration

1. A. Mitochondria
2. B. Cytosol
3. C. Nucleus
4. D. Ribosomes

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Q91 · Cellular respiration

1. A. To store energy in chemical bonds
2. B. To transport oxygen in the cell
3. C. To store and transfer energy for biochemical reactions
4. D. To break down glucose

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Q92 · Cellular respiration

1. A. Oxygen
2. B. NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2
3. C. Pyruvate
4. D. Glucose

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Q93 · Cellular respiration

1. A. Glucose is broken into two pyruvate molecules
2. B. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA
3. C. Oxygen is consumed to form water
4. D. ATP is synthesized directly

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Q94 · Cellular respiration

1. A. NADH
2. B. Oxygen
3. C. FADH2
4. D. Glucose

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Q95 · Cellular respiration

1. A. Outer membrane
2. B. Inner membrane
3. C. Matrix
4. D. Cristae

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Q96 · Cellular respiration

1. A. To measure the volume of carbon dioxide produced during respiration
2. B. To measure the temperature change during aerobic respiration
3. C. To measure the volume of oxygen consumed during aerobic respiration
4. D. To measure the amount of glucose used in the respiration process

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Q97 · Anaerobic respiration

1. A. Oxygen is consumed to produce ATP
2. B. Pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol to regenerate NAD+
3. C. The electron transport chain produces ATP
4. D. Glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water

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Q98 · Anaerobic respiration

1. A. Alcohol fermentation
2. B. Aerobic respiration
3. C. Lactic acid fermentation
4. D. Glycolysis

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