2017 E.C. Geography EUEE past paper

Q1 · Sustainable development

1. A. Provision of quality education for the needy
2. B. Eradication of poverty once and for all
3. C. Reduction of inequalities among community members
4. D. Implementation of the Paris Climate Change Agreement

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Q2 · Natural resources

1. A. Soil
2. B. Minerals
3. C. Air
4. D. Water

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Q3 · Resource scarcity

1. A. Population growth-induced scarcity
2. B. Demand-induced scarcity
3. C. Structural-induced scarcity
4. D. Supply-induced scarcity

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Q4 · Good governance

1. A. By taking part in collaborative management practices
2. B. By minimizing the level of community participation
3. C. By guaranteeing the dominance of influential minority groups
4. D. By prohibiting the practice of environmental impact assessments

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Q5 · Conflict resolution

1. A. the mediators enforce disputants to adhere to the formal laws.
2. B. they are based on strict formal legal system of the state.
3. C. they prioritize punishments over dialogues and negotiations.
4. D. the disagreements are resolved with compensation and reconciliation.

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Q6 · Population theories

1. A. Population growth has a neutral role in economic development.
2. B. Population growth retards economic development.
3. C. Population growth is a key to attaining balanced economy development.
4. D. Population growth should be discouraged for better economic development.

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Q7 · Population policy

1. A. Restricting the provision of family planning services
2. B. Lowering the rate of fertility and population growth
3. C. Providing incentives for females who give birth
4. D. Attracting immigrants from all over the world

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Q8 · Poverty

1. A. Deficiency in basic human needs
2. B. Shortage of natural resources
3. C. The incapability of using technologies
4. D. The ability to lead a descent life

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Q9 · Conflict and poverty

1. A. Poverty prevents conflict to thrive.
2. B. Conflict can reduce the risk of poverty.
3. C. Poverty and conflict have a one way link.
4. D. Conflict and poverty are inseparable.

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Q10 · Globalization

1. A. It helps developing countries setup their industries in developed countries.
2. B. It encourages developing countries to remove tariff restriction from their market.
3. C. In the past developing countries shared similar economic integration with other countries.
4. D. It reduces trade relations of developing countries by creating trade barriers.

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Q11 · Trade imbalance

1. A. By increasing consumption of domestic products
2. B. By enhancing reliance on export of goods and services
3. C. By encouraging job outsourcing to foreign countries
4. D. By attracting labor migration to these countries

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Q12 · Income inequality

1. A. Mauritania
2. B. South Africa
3. C. Liberia
4. D. Mali

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Q13 · Corruption

1. A. Kick-backs
2. B. Bribery
3. C. Theft of public assets
4. D. Nepotism

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Q14 · Corruption

1. A. By delaying completion of projects
2. B. By increasing tax revenues
3. C. By reducing public spending
4. D. By increasing volume of private investments

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Q15 · Climatic zones

1. A. The absence of dry landmass in the region
2. B. The prevalence of overhead sun throughout the year
3. C. The convergence of tropical and polar air masses
4. D. The existence of equal length of day and night

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Q16 · Natural regions

1. A. It is found only in the northern hemisphere.
2. B. It experiences invariable temperature conditions.
3. C. It has fertile soil that supports rain-fed agriculture.
4. D. It is dominated by varied vegetation types.

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Q17 · Climatic zones

1. A. Its temperature is above freezing point throughout the year.
2. B. It is only found in the southern hemisphere.
3. C. Its inhabitants use simple technology to adapt the harsh conditions.
4. D. Its common vegetation includes olive and small short trees.

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Q18 · Natural regions

1. A. has relatively longer summer season.
2. B. has extremely cold temperature.
3. C. has scattered permanent settlement.
4. D. receives higher amount of rainfall.

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Q19 · Ecosystem

1. A. Omnivores
2. B. Herbivores
3. C. Producers
4. D. Decomposers

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Q20 · Economic geography

1. A. It has enabled consumers to access perishable goods easily.
2. B. It has caused location of industries to be raw material-oriented.
3. C. It has eliminated import and export trade from global market.
4. D. It has led to an increase in labor cost in production.

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Q21 · Population growth

1. A. Growing interest in pro-natalist population policy
2. B. The genetic change in human reproduction system
3. C. The advancements in medical science and economy
4. D. The need for more work force in agricultural activities

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Q22 · Erosion

1. A. moves in a wide flow.
2. B. flows with high speed.
3. C. joins each other and cuts ditches.
4. D. cuts small channels.

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Q23 · Mass wasting

1. A. Angle of the sun
2. B. Gravity of the earth
3. C. Rotation of the earth
4. D. Dry climatic condition

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Q24 · Folding

1. A. It is a cause for the existence of the Ethiopian highlands.
2. B. It results in the creation of the rift valley.
3. C. It is a cause for the origin of the Afar horst mountain.
4. D. It is responsible for the formation of the Cape Ranges.

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Q25 · Plate tectonics

1. A. Australia
2. B. Japan
3. C. Sweden
4. D. Botswana

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Q26 · Climate change

1. A. It is a long time persistent variability in the properties of climate.
2. B. It is a short term change in character of elements of climate.
3. C. It is the difference in climatic conditions of two areas.
4. D. It is a seasonal fluctuation in the elements of climate.

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Q27 · Climate change

1. A. The impacts of climate change are lesser today than before.
2. B. Climate change uniformly occurs on the surface of the earth.
3. C. Human activities have a strong association with rising temperature.
4. D. The earth is experiencing lower temperature today than before.

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Q28 · Climate change

1. A. The rising level of photosynthesis process around the equator
2. B. Variations on the strength of sun's rays through time
3. C. Continuous efforts on afforestation and reforestation
4. D. Continued emission of greenhouse gases from industries

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Q29 · History of geography

1. A. The establishment of global geographical societies
2. B. The development of advanced quantitative techniques
3. C. The growing need for qualitative description of the earth's surface
4. D. Consideration of the association between geography and philosophy

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Q30 · Branches of geography

1. A. Oceanography
2. B. Climatology
3. C. Geomorphology
4. D. Biogeography

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Q31 · Nature of geography

1. A. The systematic investigation and mapping of phenomenon on earth
2. B. The emphasis on speculative philosophical idea
3. C. The subjective analysis of man and environment relationship
4. D. The concern with religious and traditional practices

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Q32 · Igneous landforms

1. A. Laccolith
2. B. Dike
3. C. Batholith
4. D. Sill

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Q33 · Faulting

1. A. shearing forces.
2. B. tensional forces.
3. C. coriolis forces.
4. D. compressional forces.

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Q34 · Earthquakes

1. A. The impacts are undetectable by humans.
2. B. Total destruction and landslide happen.
3. C. Cracks appear on buildings.
4. D. It causes most buildings to collapse.

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Q35 · Weathering

1. A. Deposition
2. B. Weathering
3. C. Sedimentation
4. D. Orogenesis

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Q36 · Climate change

1. A. its causes are mainly attributed to natural factors and process.
2. B. its impact is confined to developed nations of the world.
3. C. its effect is easily reversed and controlled with little effort.
4. D. it severely threatens the human and natural system of the world.

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Q37 · Desertification

1. A. It enhances the vulnerability of the land to climate change.
2. B. It raises the agricultural productive capacity of the land.
3. C. It allows the rapid regeneration of soil resource.
4. D. It increases the quality of water in downstream areas.

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Q38 · Desertification

1. A. The urban safety net program
2. B. Presidential project on soil erosion
3. C. The green legacy program
4. D. The dry land development project

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Q39 · Drought

1. A. Hydrological drought
2. B. Agricultural drought
3. C. Intermittent drought
4. D. Meteorological drought

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Q40 · Famine

1. A. During the 19th century, the "Great Famine" occurred in Ireland.
2. B. Its occurrence was rare during middle ages in Europe.
3. C. Recently, its frequency is increasing in Western Europe.
4. D. The most disastrous famine in Ethiopia took place in 1990s.

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Q41 · Geographic research

1. A. Its emphasis on weather forecasting of an area
2. B. Its emphasis on qualitative analysis methods
3. C. Its focus on resulting patterns and interaction
4. D. Its focus on economic activities of the world

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Q42 · Research methods

1. A. applies statistical method of data analysis.
2. B. utilizes measures that produce discrete data.
3. C. employs designs and graphs for data presentation.
4. D. uses extensive descriptive data for analysis.

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Q43 · Research methodology

1. A. Its wider dimension
2. B. Its narrower scope
3. C. Its consideration of statistical tools
4. D. Its focus on research techniques

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Q44 · Research elements

1. A. Research questions
2. B. Literature review
3. C. Sampling procedure
4. D. Objectives of the research

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Q45 · Ocean currents

1. A. Low wind speed
2. B. High pressure
3. C. Low precipitation
4. D. High temperature

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Q46 · Pressure belts

1. A. Southwards
2. B. Northwards
3. C. Westwards
4. D. Eastwards

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Q47 · Regional study

1. A. To describe each element of the earth in detail
2. B. To study all aspects of the earth at a time
3. C. To examine the natural resources of the entire earth
4. D. To investigate different geographical environments

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Q48 · Natural regions

1. A. It has low annual range of temperature.
2. B. It forms a continuous belt around the world.
3. C. It is mainly inhabited by people who use modern technologies.
4. D. Its rainfall amount shows significant variation across months.

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Q49 · Natural regions

1. A. Their winds are mainly cool and wet.
2. B. They are located along warm ocean currents.
3. C. They are known for plants with long roots.
4. D. Their night time temperature is high.

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Q50 · Ethiopian landforms

1. A. Central highlands
2. B. Rift valley
3. C. Western lowlands
4. D. Eastern lowlands

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Q51 · Ethiopian landforms

1. A. central parts of the country.
2. B. southwestern parts of the country.
3. C. northern parts of the country.
4. D. peripheral parts of the country.

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Q52 · Coastal landforms

1. A. a sand hill is formed with a crescent moon shape.
2. B. a narrow ridge of sand is projected into sea and attached to land.
3. C. an area of saltwater is separated from the sea by loose sandbanks.
4. D. a strip of land along the sea coast is covered with sediments.

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Q53 · Atmosphere

1. A. It has constant temperature than the other layers.
2. B. It experiences frequent meteorites burn and disintegration.
3. C. It has the lowest air density among layers of the atmosphere.
4. D. It contains higher concentration of ozone gases.

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Q54 · Rainfall

1. A. Convergence of warm and cold air masses
2. B. Presence of large number of elevated landmasses
3. C. Concentration of dense forest coverage in the area
4. D. Existence of high temperature throughout the year

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Q55 · Clouds

1. A. It is the major type of low clouds.
2. B. It is thin and appears in sheets in sky.
3. C. It is free from strong winds and tornados.
4. D. It is associated with lightning and heavy rain.

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Q56 · Local winds

1. A. Valley breeze
2. B. Sea breeze
3. C. Land breeze
4. D. Mountain breeze

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Q57 · Ethiopian climate

1. A. the effect of cool ocean currents.
2. B. the larger land area of the country.
3. C. larger forest coverage of the country.
4. D. higher elevated landmass of the country.

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Q58 · Temperature

1. A. rapid temperature change occurs on the land than the sea.
2. B. the sea heats more quickly than the land.
3. C. the sea loses heat more quickly than the land.
4. D. the land has more consistent temperature than the sea.

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Q59 · COVID-19 geography

1. A. South America
2. B. North America
3. C. Europe
4. D. Africa

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Q60 · Air pollution

1. A. Sulphur dioxide
2. B. Nitrogen dioxide
3. C. Methane
4. D. Carbon monoxide

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Q61 · Soil contamination

1. A. Keeping a farmland ideal for several years
2. B. Releasing of organic substance into the soil
3. C. Raw material leakage into the soil from industries
4. D. Rotation of different crops on the same farmland

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Q62 · Environmental sustainability

1. A. By minimizing the emission of greenhouse gasses
2. B. By promoting intensive application of agricultural inputs
3. C. By reducing people's per-capita food consumption
4. D. By abstaining from using non-renewable energy sources

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Q63 · Environmental education

1. A. It is a short term training on environmental issues.
2. B. It is limited to the natural aspect of an environment.
3. C. It aims at encouraging maximum resource utilization.
4. D. It is an interdisciplinary education for human being.

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Q64 · Environmentalism

1. A. Preservation environmentalism
2. B. Free market environmentalism
3. C. Dark greens environmentalism
4. D. Popular environmentalism

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Q66 · Climate change strategies

1. A. consider climate change as an opportunity rather than a challenge.
2. B. involve traditional soil conservation mechanisms.
3. C. strive to reduce the use of fossil fuels.
4. D. can be reactive or autonomous.

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Q67 · Kyoto Protocol

1. A. It introduced compulsory targets in reducing emission of greenhouse gases.
2. B. It established financial support for developing nations to address climate change.
3. C. It involved all nations in the reduction of emission of greenhouse gases.
4. D. It forced developing countries to become carbon neutral in their activities.

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Q68 · Climate conventions

1. A. Several countries see climate change as a good opportunity for sustainable development.
2. B. Most countries recognize the use of renewable energy sources as a remedy for climate change.
3. C. Developing countries are contributing more to the occurrence of climate change.
4. D. Issue of climate change at global scale came into being starting from the year 2000.

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Q69 · Hydroelectric power

1. A. By expanding of manufacturing industries in the country
2. B. By discouraging the use of other energy sources than electricity
3. C. By reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources
4. D. By transforming the economy from agriculture to a service-based one

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Q70 · Sustainable development

1. A. Promoting privatization of resource ownership
2. B. Maximizing human's utilization of nature
3. C. Applying a traditional way of resource conservation
4. D. Keeping harmony between environment and development

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Q71 · Sustainable development

1. A. Reducing the utilization of environmental resources
2. B. Prioritizing of human needs over the environment
3. C. Ensuring fair access to local services
4. D. Offering special support for investors

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Q72 · Sustainable development

1. A. Its use of controversial methods
2. B. Its broadness in nature
3. C. Its exceptional benefit for all people
4. D. Its uniformity in understanding its goals

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Q73 · Soil

1. A. Reducing of water percolation
2. B. Sinking of carbon concentration
3. C. Prevention of drought and flooding
4. D. Provision of essential nutrients for plants

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Q74 · Health geography

1. A. Southeast Asia
2. B. Oceania
3. C. Sub-Saharan Africa
4. D. Latin America

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Q76 · Continental drift

1. A. Antarctica
2. B. Europe
3. C. North America
4. D. Asia

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Q77 · Continental drift

1. A. the lack of direct evidence for the movement of continents.
2. B. the presentation of coastline similarity as an indicator of continental drift.
3. C. his belief that Pangaea was broken before the Cenozoic Era.
4. D. the collection of most data from northern hemisphere.

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Q78 · Plate boundaries

1. A. plates move away from each other.
2. B. two plates move towards each other.
3. C. two plates remain static.
4. D. plates slide past each other.

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Q79 · Weathering

1. A. peeling of rocks owing to temperature change.
2. B. process of cementation and deposition of rocks.
3. C. change in minerals of rocks into new substance.
4. D. expansion and breaking of rocks due to frost.

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Q81 · Population policy

1. A. Family planning
2. B. One child policy
3. C. Empowering men
4. D. Child tax

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Q82 · Development factors

1. A. Social value
2. B. Natural resource
3. C. Technology
4. D. Capital expenditure

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Q83 · Population growth

1. A. Improvement in the provision of transport services
2. B. Increase in the number of unemployed people
3. C. Deterioration of social values
4. D. Rapid depletion of natural resources

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Q84 · Development indicators

1. A. Lower percentage of population living below poverty line.
2. B. Higher percentage of underweight children in a population.
3. C. Higher prevalence of discrimination among population groups.
4. D. Lower proportion of population with access to sanitation service.

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Q85 · Environmental health

1. A. By reducing the occurrence of environmental hazards
2. B. By protecting human beings from environmental adversaries
3. C. By treating the already existing diseases
4. D. By controlling disease causing agents

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Q86 · Environmental health

1. A. Environmental health risk is declining today compared to the past.
2. B. Air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in the world.
3. C. The health impact of environment is similar among countries.
4. D. Proximity to green areas is associated with higher health risks.

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Q87 · Population census

1. A. It collects data from merely a segment of the population.
2. B. It is conducted at specified time interval.
3. C. It is used to supplement data collected by other sources.
4. D. It is less expensive compared to other sources of data.

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Q88 · Settlement

1. A. population density is the highest.
2. B. the service sector leads the economy.
3. C. there is diverse economic base.
4. D. isolated homesteads are the dominant.

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Q89 · Economic activities

1. A. They involve specialized knowledge and skills.
2. B. They focus on modification of raw materials for consumption.
3. C. They are mainly engaged in extraction of raw materials.
4. D. They are concerned with distribution and provision of products.

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Q90 · Land use change

1. A. Cultivation culture
2. B. Farming mechanism
3. C. Topography
4. D. Land policy

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Q91 · Natural vegetation

1. A. source of construction materials.
2. B. home of wild animals.
3. C. source of food.
4. D. source of fuel wood.

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Q92 · Ethiopian vegetation

1. A. Juniperus
2. B. Podocarpus
3. C. Olea
4. D. Bamboo

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Q93 · Minerals

1. A. Fertilizer making
2. B. Huge energy source
3. C. Aesthetic value
4. D. Raw materials for construction

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Q95 · Weather maps

1. A. High pressure gradient
2. B. Low pressure gradient
3. C. High temperature
4. D. Low wind speed

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