2016 E.C. History EUEE past paper

Q1 · Capitalism

1. A. Serfdom
2. B. Equality of classes
3. C. Controlled markets
4. D. Making profit

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Q2 · Industrial Revolution

1. A. The shift from the dispersed system to factory production
2. B. The replacement of animal and human labor by machines
3. C. The shift from coal to water to generate power
4. D. The development of banks to lend money to Entrepreneurs

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Q3 · American Civil War

1. A. The end of racial oppression in the USA
2. B. The end of the institution of slavery in the USA
3. C. The economic prosperity of the southern planter class
4. D. The acquisition of parts of the US by France

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Q4 · Second Balkan War

1. A. The deepening of hostility between Austria-Hungary and Serbia over territorial claims
2. B. The forced withdrawal of Ottoman Turkey from all its European territories
3. C. The emergence of conflict between emerging Balkan nationalism and the Ottoman Empire
4. D. The emergence of several countries such as Greece and Macedonia as independent nations

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Q5 · European imperialism in Africa

1. A. The discovery of cement for building efficient roads
2. B. The development of techniques for exploring minerals
3. C. The numerical superiority of white armies than Africans
4. D. The discovery of medicinal protection against malaria

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Q6 · British indirect rule

1. A. The exclusion of Africans from the administration of the colonies
2. B. The use of extensive violence to mobilize commodities for export
3. C. The granting of Africans British citizens with their political rights
4. D. The use of Africans in the administration of the colonies

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Q7 · Long distance trade in Ethiopia

1. A. By helping introduce Orthodox to different parts of the region
2. B. By giving rise to markets that served as centers of cultural interaction
3. C. By spreading democratic institutions such as Gada to new areas
4. D. By making use of the common media of exchange

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Q8 · Tewodros II modernization

1. A. he lacked the technology and resources necessary to implement the reforms
2. B. he tried to simply copy western institutions rather than adapt them to local conditions
3. C. he angered the European powers who could have helped him
4. D. British opposed his reforms fearing he would create a strong Ethiopian state

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Q9 · Hewett (Adwa) Treaty 1884

1. A. Return of Massawa to Ethiopia
2. B. Ethiopian hostility with the Mahdist Sudan
3. C. Ethiopian control over Matama
4. D. Continuous Ethiopian war with the Egyptians

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Q12 · Human evolution

1. A. The earliest human species originated in Africa and spread out to other continents
2. B. The major difference among the various hominid species is in terms of height and weight
3. C. It is by the types of iron tools that they made that we differentiate among hominids
4. D. The different hominid species in Africa descended from Lucy (Dinkinesh)

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Q14 · Omotic language family

1. A. Khoi-San
2. B. Niger-Congo
3. C. Afro-Asiatic
4. D. Nilo-Saharan

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Q15 · Ancient Egypt technology

1. A. Building pyramids
2. B. Inventing hieroglyphics
3. C. Constructing irrigation canals
4. D. The art of mummification

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Q16 · Pre-Colonial American civilizations

1. A. They all achieved high standards of urban development and high rate of city structure
2. B. While the Inca built extensive roads and accurate calendar, the Maya developed an advanced writing system
3. C. The development of writing distinguished Aztec civilization from Mayan and Incan civilizations
4. D. The Inca put up a stronger resistance against the Spanish because they used tools made out of silver

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Q17 · Aksum Red Sea trade

1. A. Muslim Arabia
2. B. Ottoman Turkey
3. C. Mamluk Egypt
4. D. Safavid Persia

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Q18 · Early Muslim Arab conquests

1. A. Moving the center of the empire outside of Arabia and Syria
2. B. The capture of Medina and its selection as the religious center
3. C. The capture of extensive territories from Persia and Byzantium
4. D. The opening of trade routes connecting Arabia with India

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Q19 · Zagwe dynasty culture

1. A. The continuation of Christianity as the official state religion
2. B. The use of the Agaw language for both court and church functions
3. C. The shift of the pilgrimages from the Holy Land to Lalibela
4. D. The development of rules about royal succession

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Q20 · Medieval mobile courts

1. A. the tradition of permanent capitals did not familiar before
2. B. moveable capital made it possible to administer a vast empire easily
3. C. permanent capitals were easy targets for attack by subject populations
4. D. the empire lacked materials to construct permanent settlements

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Q21 · Early capitalism in Europe

1. A. Greater use of money as capital rather than just income
2. B. The shift to international trade due to policies of humanitarianism
3. C. Replacement of human and animal labor to machines in production
4. D. Decline in international trade due to internal and external war

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Q22 · Aksumite state

1. A. Its expansion was due to the desire to control trade routes
2. B. It was established by immigrants from South Arabia
3. C. It directly instituted the political institutions of Punt and Damat
4. D. Its rulers ruled their subjects directly

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Q24 · Downfall of Zagwe

1. A. Succession struggle
2. B. Economic decline
3. C. Outbreak of plague
4. D. Religious controversy

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Q25 · Renaissance ideas

1. A. The divine origin of human life
2. B. Reconcilability of with secular life
3. C. The non-understandability of the universe
4. D. Reason and the possibility of progress

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Q27 · Spread of Islam in Ethiopia

1. A. It was through Islamic Holy war or jihads
2. B. the migration of Arab clans
3. C. the agency of nomadic pastoralists
4. D. the activities of traders and shaikhs

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Q28 · Expansion of Christian kingdom

1. A. The conversion of Muslim populations to Christianity
2. B. The desire to establish ports on the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean
3. C. The desire to increase revenue by controlling trade routes
4. D. The wish to acquire new lands for a rapidly growing population

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Q30 · Imam Ahmed Al-Ghazi

1. A. His use of a cavalry rather than an infantry force in his wars
2. B. His mobilization of armies from Afar and Somali in his campaigns
3. C. His use the religious animosity to mobilize the Muslim population
4. D. His decision to conquer the Christian kingdom rather than raid it

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Q31 · Italian unification

1. A. The adoption of a mixed strategy by the Italians that combined armed uprising and diplomatic pressure
2. B. The decision of the Austrian Hapsburgs to support Italian unification
3. C. The weakening of the Hapsburgs both economically and politically
4. D. The mobilization of liberals, conservatives and the papal states by Piedmont-Sardinia for the cause

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Q32 · Colonial occupation of Africa

1. A. Collection of demographic and geographical information by missionaries and explorers
2. B. Internal divisions among African societies and the factional support of Europeans military and technological superiority
3. C. African states' desire to militarily conquer and occupy the pre-colonial populations
4. D. The absence of centralized state structures among many African populations at the time

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Q33 · Long distance trade / traders

1. A. Soninke
2. B. Jaborti
3. C. Jallaba
4. D. Anuak

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Q34 · Liche Treaty / Yohannes IV

1. A. He favored negotiations and power sharing to build imperial authority
2. B. He was cruel towards his rivals and sought to eliminate them for the last
3. C. He lacked consistency in his approach to local rulers
4. D. He was influenced by his religious thought in his administration

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Q35 · Battle of Adwa 1896 consequence

1. A. The acquisition of an outlet to the sea for Ethiopia
2. B. The end of Ethiopia's encirclement by hostile powers
3. C. The recognition of Ethiopia as an independent country
4. D. The end of Italian colonial aspirations in the Horn of Africa

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Q36 · Diarchy 1916-1930

1. A. The absence of power struggle within the ruling class
2. B. Struggle for power among groups within the ruling class
3. C. The introduction of major political and constitutional reforms
4. D. Rapid penetration of foreign capital into the country

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Q37 · Removal of Tayitu 1910

1. A. they disliked her attempt to undermine Shoan dominance
2. B. she favored the Germans over the Britain and France diplomatic shift
3. C. she began to reverse the modernization steps of Emperor Menilik
4. D. she demonstrated lack of judgment in making decisions

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Q38 · Lij Iyasu reforms

1. A. The establishment of a modern police force called Terenbulte as the first municipal force
2. B. The requirement that all businesses should be audited periodically to make sure they paid taxes
3. C. The appointment of local administrators on the basis of merit to the central administration office
4. D. The decision that the payment of tithe (asrat) should be on the basis of actual produce

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Q39 · 1931 Constitution

1. A. It gave the emperor the right to pardon crimes against the state
2. B. It created a parliament that would debate and approve legislation
3. C. It reduced the power of nobilities not to challenge his power
4. D. It enhanced the image of the emperor as a progressive leader

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Q40 · African resistance / Maji Maji

1. A. The Ndebele resistance in Zimbabwe
2. B. The Maji Maji rebellion in Tanganyika
3. C. The resistance of the Ashanti kingdom
4. D. The resistance of the Mandinka Empire

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Q41 · Bismarck's alliance system

1. A. To solve European colonial rivalry in Africa peacefully
2. B. To weaken British dominance in European politics
3. C. To support the Ottoman Empire against Russian expansion
4. D. To secure protection for Germany against French hostility

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Q42 · 1917 Russian Revolution

1. A. The restoration of Russian control over neighboring states such as Ukraine and Poland
2. B. Implementation of the Communism as an official ideology in Russia and influenced other world
3. C. The withdrawal of Russia from international politics until the beginning of WWII
4. D. The shift of Russian modernization efforts from the cities to the countryside

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Q43 · Immediate cause of WWII

1. A. The publication of the Axis powers' secret plan to partition the globe
2. B. The withdrawal of Germany's pledge to guarantee the sovereignty of Czechoslovakia
3. C. British decision to occupy the port of Danzig as a pre-emptive action against German invasion
4. D. Germany's invasion of Poland threatened both Britain and France

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Q44 · UN Trusteeship Council

1. A. The Security Council
2. B. The Trusteeship Council
3. C. The International Court of Justice
4. D. The UN Secretariat

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Q45 · Marshall Plan

1. A. The containment of Communism from spreading to Asia and Africa
2. B. The division of Germany between the Capitalist West and Communist East
3. C. The extension of American political influence to Latin American countries
4. D. The economic recovery of Western European countries after WWII

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Q46 · Cause of the Cold War

1. A. Conflict between the supporters of free market & planned economic systems
2. B. Desire of the super powers to extend their political and strategic influence across the globe
3. C. Difference between the two superpowers on how to partition Africa and Asia
4. D. Rivalry between the super powers to send the first mission to outer space

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Q47 · Warsaw Pact

1. A. Romania
2. B. The Soviet Union
3. C. West Germany
4. D. Hungary

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Q48 · Ho Chi Minh City

1. A. Saigon
2. B. Peking
3. C. Dien Bien Phu
4. D. Hanoi

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Q49 · Collapse of Communism

1. A. The rise of anti-communist movements in the Eastern Europe
2. B. Political and economic reforms initiated by Gorbachev
3. C. Rivalry between the Soviet and Chinese forms of communism
4. D. Loss of popular support for the ideology at the global level

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Q50 · Failure of land reform

1. A. lacked the technical and financial resources for its realization
2. B. feared that there would be opposition from the peasantry
3. C. was preoccupied with peasant rebellions in Gojjam and Bale
4. D. feared that there would be strong opposition from the big land owners

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Q51 · Objectivity in history

1. A. interpret events based on one's subjective experience
2. B. explain change in a clear and logical manner
3. C. avoid subjectivity on the part of the historian
4. D. identify original sources by the historian

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Q52 · Periodization

1. A. trace continuities and change through time
2. B. make the work of history to screen usable sources
3. C. distinguish professional history from popular history
4. D. sort out factual details from factious narratives

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Q53 · Acheulean tools

1. A. Homo africanus
2. B. Homo habilis
3. C. Homo erectus
4. D. Homo sapiens

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Q54 · Upper Paleolithic

1. A. Composite tools made out of stone and bone
2. B. Lack of change in tool making techniques in Africa
3. C. Tools made out of metals like copper and bronze
4. D. Highly selective breeding of livestock

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Q55 · Theories of state emergence

1. A. Those who control trade routes become rulers
2. B. Successful military leaders become kings
3. C. Priests established political control in the name of gods
4. D. People who organize religious pilgrimages become leaders

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Q56 · Indus Valley civilization

1. A. The development of a writing system
2. B. The construction of refined Buddhist temples
3. C. The development of urban planning techniques
4. D. The writing of a complex legal code

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Q57 · Greek civilization

1. A. Ideas about direct participatory democracy
2. B. Rejection of slavery as an institution
3. C. Techniques of building roads that last long
4. D. The use of the wheeled transport

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Q58 · Egypt and Mesopotamia

1. A. The invention of techniques for preserving the bodies of the dead
2. B. The development of a writing system for administrative purposes
3. C. The construction of elaborate religious buildings using clay bricks
4. D. The invention of techniques for purifying copper and iron

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Q59 · Medieval European feudalism

1. A. The revival of patronage for Arts and Architectures
2. B. The establishment of centralized empires
3. C. The existence of large and flourishing trade centers
4. D. The decentralization of state power

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Q60 · Byzantine emperors

1. A. They were both religious and political leaders
2. B. Their power was checked by the Orthodox Church
3. C. They exercised absolute power over their subjects
4. D. Their rule was based on the model of Athenian politics

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Q61 · 1960 coup attempt

1. A. there was disagreement between the coup leaders on what to do with Haile Selassie's officials
2. B. the coup leaders failed to secure support from the army and the air force
3. C. the coup leaders failed to secure control of the radio station and the imperial palace
4. D. the coup leaders did not set up a government immediately after capturing power

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Q62 · Derg land reform

1. A. The Land Reform
2. B. The Literacy Campaign
3. C. The nationalization of industries
4. D. The confiscation of extra houses

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Q63 · Ethio-Somali War 1977/78

1. A. Difference over interpreting the teachings of Marxism-Leninism
2. B. Rivalry between the two countries over the issue of Djibouti
3. C. Republic of Somalia claimed the Somali-inhabited territories of eastern Ethiopia
4. D. Personal animosity between Colonel Mengistu and General Siad Barre

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Q64 · France and Guinea

1. A. Sponsoring a coup against Sekou Toure
2. B. Denying any form assistance to the country
3. C. Establishing a rival government in France
4. D. Expelling Guinea from the French Union

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Q66 · Coups in African politics

1. A. Although coups were instrumental in removing authoritarian leaders, the regimes that replaced them brought very little change
2. B. Although coups carried out by the military, the latter proved a revolutionary force of change in many African countries
3. C. Unlike coups carried out in former French colonies, coups in former British colonies succeeded in bringing change to African politics
4. D. Coups carried out by junior officers were more successful in bringing change than coups led by generals

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Q67 · Transitional Period 1991-1994

1. A. Finding a new foreign partner to help with economic and social recovery after decades of war
2. B. Re-establishing an Ethiopian army on the basis of ethnic and regional representation
3. C. Transforming the country from a centralized command economy to one based on the principles of market liberalism
4. D. Developing a constitution that would guarantee both the democratic rights of individuals and groups

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Q69 · Indigenous knowledge

1. A. Its sense of superiority
2. B. Its unchanging nature
3. C. Its disregard for morality
4. D. Its holistic nature

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Q70 · Cultural heritage

1. A. The Palace of Abba Jifar
2. B. Halala Kella of Dawro
3. C. The Semen National Park
4. D. The Al Najashi Mosque

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Q71 · Schlieffen Plan

1. A. Germany did not receive support from Turkey on time
2. B. Russia mobilized quickly and attacked Germany
3. C. the US refused to send the arms Germany had paid for
4. D. Germany did not have air superiority on the western front

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Q72 · Self-help associations vs parties

1. A. The former supported colonial rule while the latter demanded independence
2. B. The former were led by the educated elite while the latter were led by traditional leaders
3. C. The former were primarily concerned with economic issues while the latter focused on broader political matters
4. D. The former called for gradual transfer of power to Africans while the latter demanded speedy transfer

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Q73 · Wal-Wal incident / Italo-Ethiopian War

1. A. submission of unacceptable demands to the Ethiopian
2. B. decision to take the conflict to the League of Nations
3. C. deployment of army between Italo-Somaliland and Ethiopia
4. D. attempt to incite local populations in the border areas to rebel

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Q74 · US enters WWII

1. A. the US disliked the prospect of a modernizing and rising Japan
2. B. Japan attacked US bases on the Pacific at Pearl Harbour
3. C. Japan criticized US support for the Allies power in the Pacific
4. D. the US wanted to take over Japan's colonies in the Far East

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Q75 · Atlantic Charter and UN

1. A. the establishment of an international organization to ensure world peace
2. B. the various bodies of the future United Nations to be functionary
3. C. a detailed description of how the United Nations Security Council was dominated by the Big Five
4. D. the UN would be a failure if the Security Council was dominated by the Big Five

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Q76 · First Arab-Israeli War 1948

1. A. The British decision to take the issue of Palestine to the UN
2. B. The Arab States' refusal to accept the partition of Palestine
3. C. US decision to recognize the establishment of the state of Israel
4. D. The Israeli occupation of Jerusalem and the West Bank

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Q77 · Kenya and Algeria liberation

1. A. Strong influence of communist ideology
2. B. Strong support from Socialist Tanzania
3. C. Resort to armed struggle as a strategy
4. D. Internal power struggle among the leaders

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Q78 · 1945 Pan-African Congress

1. A. Edward Blyden
2. B. Julius Nyerere
3. C. Gamal Abdel Nasser
4. D. Kwame Nkrumah

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Q79 · Post-liberation Ethiopia

1. A. Frequent coup attempts
2. B. Suppression of landlordism
3. C. Consolidation autocracy
4. D. The expansion of education

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Q80 · Ethio-Eritrean federation

1. A. the arrangement was subverted by the Italians
2. B. both unionists and separatists were dissatisfied with it
3. C. the UN did not provide the support it promised to Ethiopia
4. D. the federal representative in Asmara was corrupt and ineffective

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Q81 · Oromo groups

1. A. Mecha
2. B. Borana
3. C. Guji
4. D. Itu

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Q83 · Zemene Mesafint

1. A. Revival of commerce and crafts
2. B. Consolidation of monarchical power
3. C. Doctrinal controversies in the Church
4. D. Improvement of peasant conditions

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Q84 · Tokugawa seclusion

1. A. It ended Japanese voyages of discovery in Asia and hence the economic benefits that could come from these activities
2. B. It prevented Japan from importing firearms and hence the capacity of the state to consolidate power
3. C. It weakened Christianity in Japan by limiting regular contacts between the Japanese and foreigners
4. D. It limited the development of Japanese international trade and hence retarded its capitalistic development

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Q85 · John Locke

1. A. That a government cannot ask its people for additional taxes without approval by parliament or a representative body
2. B. That a government which cannot protect the natural rights of its people is not a legitimate government
3. C. That in order to govern, a government would have to call Parliament into session regularly
4. D. That the legitimacy of a government is dependent on its ability to offer physical security to its citizens

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Q86 · French Revolution causes

1. A. The introduction of revolutionary ideas from the Americas
2. B. The collapse of the state's security system
3. C. The defeat of France in the Seven Years' War
4. D. The food crisis and ensuing economic misery

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Q87 · Industrial Revolution consequence

1. A. The decline of the urban population
2. B. The spread of the factory system
3. C. The improvement of the life of workers
4. D. The abolition of manual labor in manufacturing

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Q88 · Congress of Vienna 1815

1. A. By establishing a balance of power among the European powers
2. B. By weakening the economic and military capabilities of France
3. C. By recognizing the democratic and nationalistic aspirations of European populations
4. D. By agreeing to support the reforms of liberalizing European governments

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Q89 · Egypt dynasties

1. A. Funji
2. B. Almohadb
3. C. Abdallahi
4. D. Mamluks

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Q90 · Trans-Atlantic slave trade

1. A. The overthrow of oppressive regimes by force of arms
2. B. Greater availability of land and hence expansion of the economy
3. C. The weakening of indigenous crafts and technology due to import of European goods
4. D. The rapid increase of population due to introduction of new food crops and medical technologies

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Q92 · Ottoman Empire

1. A. The weakening of the Persian Empire
2. B. The spread of pastoral nomadism across Asia
3. C. The decline of trade between Europe and Asia
4. D. The expansion of Islam in the Balkan Peninsula

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Q93 · Early capitalism / banking

1. A. The relocation of manufacturing from the cities to the countryside
2. B. Massive investment in the construction of railways and roads
3. C. The development of a banking system that facilitated long distance trade
4. D. The decline of the power of the bourgeoisie in local and international trade

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Q94 · Portuguese and Ottomans in Ethiopia

1. A. Establishing control over the source of the Abbay
2. B. Spreading their respective religions in the region
3. C. Finding markets for their manufactured goods
4. D. Extending their economic and political influence in the region

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Q98 · Triangular trade

1. A. merchants involved in this trade transported slaves to the Americas using triangular shaped ships
2. B. transportation of slaves to the Americas passed through three distinctive phases
3. C. trade linked traders and goods drawn from the continents of Africa, Europe and the Americas
4. D. slave trade during this period was dominated by the Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch

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Q99 · Industrial Revolution / inequality

1. A. The domination of European society by aristocrats devoted to farming and the manufacturing bourgeoisie
2. B. The widening of income inequality between workers and capitalists
3. C. The improvement of living and working conditions for factory workers
4. D. Increase in unemployment due to the replacement of workers by machines

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Q100 · American War of Independence

1. A. The introduction of the different Acts by the British government
2. B. The support France gave to the Colonists against the British
3. C. The thirteen colonies rejection of strict rule by the British
4. D. The passage of the Declaration of Independence by the colonists

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