2018 E.C. · social · Q52 · Reading comprehension
Section Two: Reading Passage I
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 51 - 59 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A - D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Pollution of the Oceans
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world's oceans, but the total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the dumping of solid waste, including waste water sludge, industrial waste, and high-level radioactive waste were common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth's total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to earth as rain, which drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the sea.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only ruin the beaches, but the petroleum residue also kills hundreds of shore birds.
Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes, rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) is another source of nonpoint pollutants that reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines, and bathtubs. The problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants, such as algae, so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentrations or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen in the water. As the oxygen levels of the water decline, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
Source: Advanced Reading Power (2007), Mikulecky, B., p.108
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
What does the pronoun 'it' in the third paragraph refer to?
- A. Petroleum
- B. Radioactive materials
- C. Ocean
- D. Chemicals
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q53 · Reading comprehension
Section Two: Reading Passage I
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 51 - 59 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A - D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Pollution of the Oceans
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world's oceans, but the total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the dumping of solid waste, including waste water sludge, industrial waste, and high-level radioactive waste were common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth's total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to earth as rain, which drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the sea.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only ruin the beaches, but the petroleum residue also kills hundreds of shore birds.
Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes, rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) is another source of nonpoint pollutants that reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines, and bathtubs. The problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants, such as algae, so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentrations or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen in the water. As the oxygen levels of the water decline, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
Source: Advanced Reading Power (2007), Mikulecky, B., p.108
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
What is the solution suggested for all the problems stated in the reading passage?
- A. Educating citizens
- B. Awareness campaign
- C. Enforcing laws
- D. Recycling waste
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q54 · Reading comprehension
Section Two: Reading Passage I
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 51 - 59 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A - D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Pollution of the Oceans
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world's oceans, but the total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the dumping of solid waste, including waste water sludge, industrial waste, and high-level radioactive waste were common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth's total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to earth as rain, which drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the sea.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only ruin the beaches, but the petroleum residue also kills hundreds of shore birds.
Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes, rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) is another source of nonpoint pollutants that reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines, and bathtubs. The problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants, such as algae, so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentrations or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen in the water. As the oxygen levels of the water decline, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
Source: Advanced Reading Power (2007), Mikulecky, B., p.108
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
Which of the following sentence is NOT true according to the passage?
- A. Nonpoint pollutants come from a variety of sources.
- B. Developed countries would dump solid waste untreated.
- C. The sudden growth of algae blooms supports the organisms in the water to live long.
- D. Coastlines which are recreation areas are being affected by solid wastes thrown to the oceans.
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q55 · Reading comprehension
Section Two: Reading Passage I
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 51 - 59 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A - D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Pollution of the Oceans
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world's oceans, but the total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the dumping of solid waste, including waste water sludge, industrial waste, and high-level radioactive waste were common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth's total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to earth as rain, which drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the sea.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only ruin the beaches, but the petroleum residue also kills hundreds of shore birds.
Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes, rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) is another source of nonpoint pollutants that reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines, and bathtubs. The problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants, such as algae, so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentrations or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen in the water. As the oxygen levels of the water decline, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
Source: Advanced Reading Power (2007), Mikulecky, B., p.108
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
What does the word 'This' in the fourth paragraph refer to?
- A. Runoff from farming
- B. Nonpoint pollutants
- C. Urban runoff
- D. Oxygen levels
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q56 · Reading comprehension
Section Two: Reading Passage I
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 51 - 59 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A - D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Pollution of the Oceans
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world's oceans, but the total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the dumping of solid waste, including waste water sludge, industrial waste, and high-level radioactive waste were common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth's total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to earth as rain, which drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the sea.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only ruin the beaches, but the petroleum residue also kills hundreds of shore birds.
Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes, rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) is another source of nonpoint pollutants that reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines, and bathtubs. The problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants, such as algae, so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentrations or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen in the water. As the oxygen levels of the water decline, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
Source: Advanced Reading Power (2007), Mikulecky, B., p.108
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
According to the passage, what does the word 'manure' in the fourth paragraph mean?
- A. ruminant
- B. residue
- C. flood
- D. dung
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q57 · Reading comprehension
Section Two: Reading Passage I
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 51 - 59 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A - D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Pollution of the Oceans
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world's oceans, but the total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the dumping of solid waste, including waste water sludge, industrial waste, and high-level radioactive waste were common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth's total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to earth as rain, which drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the sea.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only ruin the beaches, but the petroleum residue also kills hundreds of shore birds.
Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes, rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) is another source of nonpoint pollutants that reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines, and bathtubs. The problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants, such as algae, so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentrations or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen in the water. As the oxygen levels of the water decline, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
Source: Advanced Reading Power (2007), Mikulecky, B., p.108
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
As stated in the reading passage, which of the following is NOT a way of solid waste management?
- A. Reducing solid waste
- B. Reusing solid waste
- C. Recycling solid waste
- D. Dumping solid waste
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q58 · Reading comprehension
Section Two: Reading Passage I
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 51 - 59 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A - D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Pollution of the Oceans
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world's oceans, but the total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the dumping of solid waste, including waste water sludge, industrial waste, and high-level radioactive waste were common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth's total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to earth as rain, which drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the sea.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only ruin the beaches, but the petroleum residue also kills hundreds of shore birds.
Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes, rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) is another source of nonpoint pollutants that reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines, and bathtubs. The problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants, such as algae, so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentrations or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen in the water. As the oxygen levels of the water decline, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
Source: Advanced Reading Power (2007), Mikulecky, B., p.108
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
According to the fourth paragraph, nonpoint pollutants come from which one of the following?
- A. Farming
- B. Streams
- C. Ocean
- D. Lakes
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q59 · Reading comprehension
Section Two: Reading Passage I
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 51 - 59 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A - D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Pollution of the Oceans
No one can calculate the quantity of solid waste that has been dumped in the world's oceans, but the total certainly exceeds many millions of tons. For example, from 1880 to 1895, 75 percent of the solid waste from New York City was dumped untreated into the Atlantic Ocean. Although it is now prohibited by law, the dumping of solid waste, including waste water sludge, industrial waste, and high-level radioactive waste were common in the United States until 1970. Cruise ships and huge floating fishing factories still regularly dispose of their solid waste products directly into the ocean.
The earth naturally recycles water and refreshes the land in what is called the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle not only renews the supply of water, but cleans it as well. The process begins as heat from the sun causes sea water, 97 percent of the earth's total water reserve, to evaporate and form clouds. Because water evaporates at lower temperatures than most pollutants, the water vapor that rises from the seas is relatively pure and free of the contaminants, which are left behind. Next, water returns to earth as rain, which drains into streams and rivers and rushes toward the sea.
Chemicals, petroleum products, and other dangerous substances such as radioactive materials remain in the ocean, polluting it permanently. The polluted ocean water kills fish or makes them dangerous to eat, posing health problems for those who consume them. It kills the tiny sea creatures that are the source of food for larger fish, sharks, and whales. It also spoils a source of great beauty and pleasure when some solid waste is thrown onto beaches during storms. Discharged petroleum products are frequently found on beaches and they not only ruin the beaches, but the petroleum residue also kills hundreds of shore birds.
Nonpoint pollutants are dumped into lakes, rivers, and streams that may be far away from any ocean. However, these pollutants flow, eventually, into the oceans. They can come from a variety of sources, from road salt to agricultural pesticides. One source of nonpoint pollution is runoff from farming, including fertilizers, manure, and pesticides. Another source is industrial runoff, including heavy metals, phosphorous, and many other chemicals. Urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) is another source of nonpoint pollutants that reach the oceans. This includes water and waste from sinks, toilets, washing machines, and bathtubs. The problem with this type of waste is that it provides massive amounts of nutrients for water plants, such as algae, so that they grow rapidly. This sudden growth causes concentrations or algae blooms, which use up the oxygen in the water. As the oxygen levels of the water decline, many organisms suffer and die, and the ocean ecosystem is radically altered. This can be prevented by the installation of waste treatment plants that prevent waste from entering the sea, but such facilities do not exist in many poorer countries.
Source: Advanced Reading Power (2007), Mikulecky, B., p.108
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
According to the passage, what does the word 'ruin' in the third paragraph mean?
- A. dump
- B. dismiss
- C. destroy
- D. terminate
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q74 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
Which one of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 3?
- A. AI can reasonably create job opportunities for new applicants.
- B. AI may unfairly target individuals who need justice.
- C. AI may expose the potential loss of human agency.
- D. AI can reinforce discrimination if it is filled with biased information.
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q75 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
Which one of the following statements best indicates the general idea embedded in paragraph 5?
- A. To make human life brighter, the use of AI is essential.
- B. A clear set of guiding principles is needed to safely utilize AI.
- C. AI can make a problem if it is not managed well.
- D. AI cannot be a problem if humans use it carefully.
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
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2018 E.C. · social · Q76 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
What is the specific message reflected in paragraph 4?
- A. In medical authorities, AI can analyze medical investigations properly.
- B. Different agencies are formulating ethical frameworks to maintain accountability.
- C. To ensure harmless and valuable AI development, global cooperation and ethical frameworks are needed.
- D. If the use of AI increases worldwide, human capital will be displaced.
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q77 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
What does 'their' in paragraph 5 refer to?
- A. Many experts
- B. Designing systems
- C. Organizations'
- D. Researchers'
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q78 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
What does 'These' in paragraph 2 refer to?
- A. Analyzing medical images with remarkable precision.
- B. Sustaining greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
- C. Making instruction more individualized, and predicting market trends.
- D. The application of AI in health care, education and businesses.
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q79 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
Which one of the following phrases is similar in meaning to the phrase 'safe and beneficial' in paragraph 4?
- A. treated and relevant
- B. checked and important
- C. protected and insignificant
- D. harmless and useful
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q80 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
Which one of the following is closest in meaning to the word 'dilemmas' in paragraph 3?
- A. predicaments
- B. entertainments
- C. stories
- D. thoughts
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q81 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
What does the writer intentionally inform readers about AI in paragraph 3?
- A. The prime purpose of AI is displacing workers to boost up organizations' economic status with manageable work force.
- B. Workers are displaced in most organizations as the use of AI doesn't fundamentally demand human capital.
- C. Human capital will be displaced as the use of AI is becoming increasingly visible worldwide.
- D. As AI is demanding small human capital in order to add a remarkable precision, most organizations are displacing a number of workers.
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
Practice this in the app
2018 E.C. · social · Q82 · Reading comprehension
Section Four: Reading Passage II
Instructions: Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 74 – 82 according to the information therein. From the four choices (A – D), given for each question, choose the correct answer and then blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
The Promise and Threat of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic dream – it is embedded in nearly every aspect of modern life. From voice assistants and medical diagnostics to autonomous vehicles and personalized education, AI has transformed the way we live and work. Yet, alongside these innovations come ethical concerns and existential questions. As machines become smarter, society must grapple with issues of control, bias, and responsibility.
AI's potential to improve human life is enormous. In healthcare, machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images with remarkable precision, sometimes surpassing human doctors in detecting diseases. In education, AI-driven tutoring systems adapt to each student's learning pace, making instruction more individualized than ever. Businesses use AI to predict market trends, optimize logistics and improve customer experience. These advancements promise greater efficiency and accuracy, saving time, money, and even lives.
However, the darker side of AI is becoming increasingly visible. Algorithms trained on biased data can reinforce discrimination. For example, the use of AI in law enforcement or credit scoring may unfairly target minorities. Another fear is the displacement of workers. As automation expands, millions may lose jobs to machines, especially in manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. Moreover, the greatest concern lies not in lost employment but in the potential loss of human agency. If machines begin to make moral or strategic decisions independently, who is accountable for their actions? This question becomes urgent in fields such as autonomous weapons or judicial decision-making. Should a self-driving car decide whom to save in an unavoidable crash? Should AI recommend a prison sentence? These moral dilemmas have no easy answers.
Scientists like the late Stephen Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk have warned that uncontrolled AI development could pose existential risks to humanity. If an AI system were to surpass human intelligence and act on goals misaligned with human values, it could become uncontrollable. This scenario, though still theoretical, raises the need for global cooperation and ethical frameworks to ensure that AI development remains safe and beneficial.
Nevertheless, pessimism is not the only response. Many experts argue that with proper regulation, transparency and oversight, AI can serve as humanity's greatest tool. Organizations are already establishing guidelines for "ethical AI," emphasizing fairness, accountability and respect for privacy. Researchers are also designing systems that can explain their reasoning, reducing the "black box" problem that makes AI decisions opaque.
Ultimately, the future of AI will depend on human wisdom rather than machine intelligence. Technology itself is neutral – it mirrors the intentions of those who design and use it. If society invests as much in ethics and education as it does in innovation, AI could not become a threat, but it is reasonably considered as an ally in solving humanity's most urgent problems – from climate change to disease eradication. The challenge lies in ensuring that intelligence, whether artificial or human, serves the common good.
Source: Slightly adapted from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Blackwells.
EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXΑΜΙΝΑΤΙONS SERVICE (EAES) ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (ESSLCE) ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL STREAM (ROUND 1), HAMLE 2018 E.C/JULY 2026 G.C
NUMBER OF ITEMS: 100
BOOKLET CODE: 467
SUBJECT CODE: 01
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
What is the attitude of the writer regarding the role of AI embedded in every aspect of modern life, in paragraph 1?
- A. When AI becomes a choice, individuals have to struggle with the necessary ethical frameworks.
- B. Most notable scholars underscore the disadvantages of AI in every aspect of humans' life.
- C. AI is a choice for every one so that one can use it freely to make his or her dream a reality.
- D. New technologies following AI's frameworks have been invented worldwide to show differences in economic status.
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
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2018 E.C. · social · Q98 · Reading comprehension
Section Six: Paragraph Writing
Instructions: Questions 98-100 are related to paragraph writing. From the alternatives (AD) given for each question, choose the correct answer and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
IV. WRITING
Directions: Questions 83-100 are related to different types of writing. Read each of them very carefully and choose the correct answer from the given alternatives. Then, blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
Section One: Jumbled Words
Instructions: The words in the questions from 83-85 are NOT in the right order. When put in the right order, they make correct English sentences. From the given alternatives (A - D), choose the correct answer and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
Section Four: Paragraph Coherence
Instructions: When put in the correct order, sentences (a-d) in each of the questions from 91 - 94 make up a complete paragraph. From the alternatives given in each case, choose the one that contains the correct order of the sentences and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
Leeches are small wormlike creatures that live in water and suck the blood of animals and humans. From which type of paragraph writing, is this sentence taken?
- A. Argumentative
- B. Narrative
- C. Expository
- D. Descriptive
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
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2018 E.C. · social · Q99 · Reading comprehension
Section Six: Paragraph Writing
Instructions: Questions 98-100 are related to paragraph writing. From the alternatives (AD) given for each question, choose the correct answer and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
IV. WRITING
Directions: Questions 83-100 are related to different types of writing. Read each of them very carefully and choose the correct answer from the given alternatives. Then, blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
Section One: Jumbled Words
Instructions: The words in the questions from 83-85 are NOT in the right order. When put in the right order, they make correct English sentences. From the given alternatives (A - D), choose the correct answer and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
Section Four: Paragraph Coherence
Instructions: When put in the correct order, sentences (a-d) in each of the questions from 91 - 94 make up a complete paragraph. From the alternatives given in each case, choose the one that contains the correct order of the sentences and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
In industrialized countries, governments are at last realizing that smoking is harmful to the health of individuals and incurs an intolerable cost to the society. From which type of paragraph writing is this sentence taken?
- A. Argumentative
- B. Expository
- C. Descriptive
- D. Narrative
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
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2018 E.C. · social · Q100 · Reading comprehension
Section Six: Paragraph Writing
Instructions: Questions 98-100 are related to paragraph writing. From the alternatives (AD) given for each question, choose the correct answer and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
IV. WRITING
Directions: Questions 83-100 are related to different types of writing. Read each of them very carefully and choose the correct answer from the given alternatives. Then, blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
Section One: Jumbled Words
Instructions: The words in the questions from 83-85 are NOT in the right order. When put in the right order, they make correct English sentences. From the given alternatives (A - D), choose the correct answer and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
Section Four: Paragraph Coherence
Instructions: When put in the correct order, sentences (a-d) in each of the questions from 91 - 94 make up a complete paragraph. From the alternatives given in each case, choose the one that contains the correct order of the sentences and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
There are two forms of tests: objective and subjective (essay type). In objective test formats, students are given alternatives from which they choose. With essay tests, the student is free to decide how to approach the problem, what information to use, and how to organize the answer. Essay tests thus are best suited for evaluating the ability to produce, integrate and express ideas. Which one of the following can be the topic for the above paragraph?
- A. subjective test format
- B. ways of assessing students
- C. format of test
- D. objective test format
Worked solutionUnofficial
No keyed letter is published for this item. No keyed letter is published for this 2018 E.C. social item (Reading comprehension). The bank has no key we trust (often an unkeyed 2018 item, a missing figure, or confidence none). Try the options yourself, then practise the same subject timed in the app.
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